ArticleBMC health services research2021
Is the evidence on the effectiveness of pay for performance schemes in healthcare changing? Evidence from a meta-regression analysis.
Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06829589 (Assessment of the Retrieval of Economic Incentives and Information Provision on Quality-of-care Indicators for Primary Care Professionals), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of the Retrieval of Economic Incentives and Information Provision on Quality-of-care Indicators for Primary Care Professionals
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of UK Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance programme on quality of primary care: systematic review with quantitative synthesis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Financial incentives and information provision for post-pandemic primary care quality recovery: a longitudinal study in Catalonia.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Value-Based Pricing of Health Services With Health Equity Considerations.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2026Article
- Does pay for performance affect socioeconomic inequalities in access? Evidence from hospital specialised care in England.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Enhancing the antenatal care quality through incentivized routine health information system in Northwestern Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study (2020-2021).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Incentivizing Hospital Quality Through Care Bundling.Health economics · 2025Article
- Geographic Clusters in Sepsis Hospital Mortality and the Role of Targeted Regionalization.Critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating the Spillover Mechanisms of Payment Incentives on the Outcomes for Non-Targeted Patients.Health economics · 2025Article
- Does pay for performance promote inverse inequality in chronic disease management?Family practice · 2025Article
- General practice characteristics associated with pay-for-performance in the UK: a systematic review.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Information provision and financial incentives in Catalonia's public primary care (2010-2019): an interrupted time series analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Pay-for-Performance incentives for specialised services in England: a mixed methods evaluation.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Article
- Assessing the uptake of incentivised physical health checks for people with serious mental illness: a cohort study in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024Article
- Primary care providers' preferences for pay-for-performance programs: a discrete choice experiment study in Shandong China.Human resources for health · 2024Article
- Evidence on the effectiveness of value-based payment schemes implemented in a hospital setting: A systematic review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Review
- Inclusion of disability in primary healthcare facilities and socioeconomic inequity in Brazil.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- It takes quality improvement to cross the chasm.BMJ open quality · 2023Article
- Assessing Taiwan's pay-for-performance program for diabetes care: a cost-benefit net value approach.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023Article
- The impact of performance-based financing within local health systems: Evidence from Mozambique.Health economics · 2023Article
- Motivation and competition in health care.Health economics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated if the evidence on the success of the Pay for Performance (P4P) schemes in healthcare is changing as the schemes continue to evolve by updating a previous systematic review.
methodsA meta-regression analysis using 116 studies evaluating P4P schemes published between January 2010 to February 2018. The effects of the research design, incentive schemes, use of incentives, and the size of the payment to revenue ratio on the proportion of statically significant effects in each study were examined.
resultsThere was evidence of an increase in the range of countries adopting P4P schemes and weak evidence that the proportion of studies with statistically significant effects have increased. Factors hypothesized to influence the success of schemes have not changed. Studies evaluating P4P schemes which made payments for improvement over time, were associated with a lower proportion of statistically significant effects. There was weak evidence of a positive association between the incentives' size and the proportion of statistically significant effects.
conclusionThe evidence on the effectiveness of P4P schemes is evolving slowly, with little evidence that lessons are being learned concerning the design and evaluation of P4P schemes.
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