ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2021
BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,494 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Vaccination on Severity of Illness in COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Safety and Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplantation (Lung and / or Liver) Adult Recipients
Who cites it
1,494 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the pre-Omicron COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron in reducing infection, hospitalization, severity, and mortality compared to Delta and other variants: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- Observational methods for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness research: an empirical evaluation and target trial emulation.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Trial
- Role of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells promoting immune protection after booster vaccination in solid organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- PDE5A Inhibition Restricts Cancer Metastasis by Disrupting NPC1-Mediated Cholesterol Trafficking through a Noncanonical cGMP-Dependent Pathway.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Interpreting vaccine-associated survival differences in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Refining the role of behavioural and social sciences in pandemic response post-COVID-19.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Six Years of COVID-19: Lessons from Epidemiology, Vaccination Campaigns, Clinical Risk Stratification, and Thromboembolic Surveillance.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Induction of mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2: a heterologous intramuscular mRNA-LNP prime/pulmonary recombinant subunit pull vaccination strategy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Delivery of monoclonal antibodies using mRNA lipid nanoparticles confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Efficiency and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle-mediated cardiac mRNA delivery are lipid composition-dependent.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester)s-mediated delivery of engineered Klotho mRNA rescues senescence and restores cellular homeostasis in aged and Klotho deficient iMSCs.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Article
- Enhancing randomized controlled trials through smartwatch-guided participant matching for infectious disease outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Trajectory of irritability in children and youth in Ontario, Canada, throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: mechanism, advances, and future perspective.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
1,434 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs mass vaccination campaigns against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) commence worldwide, vaccine effectiveness needs to be assessed for a range of outcomes across diverse populations in a noncontrolled setting. In this study, data from Israel's largest health care organization were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.
methodsAll persons who were newly vaccinated during the period from December 20, 2020, to February 1, 2021, were matched to unvaccinated controls in a 1:1 ratio according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Study outcomes included documented infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), symptomatic Covid-19, Covid-19-related hospitalization, severe illness, and death. We estimated vaccine effectiveness for each outcome as one minus the risk ratio, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.
resultsEach study group included 596,618 persons. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for the study outcomes at days 14 through 20 after the first dose and at 7 or more days after the second dose was as follows: for documented infection, 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 51) and 92% (95% CI, 88 to 95); for symptomatic Covid-19, 57% (95% CI, 50 to 63) and 94% (95% CI, 87 to 98); for hospitalization, 74% (95% CI, 56 to 86) and 87% (95% CI, 55 to 100); and for severe disease, 62% (95% CI, 39 to 80) and 92% (95% CI, 75 to 100), respectively. Estimated effectiveness in preventing death from Covid-19 was 72% (95% CI, 19 to 100) for days 14 through 20 after the first dose. Estimated effectiveness in specific subpopulations assessed for documented infection and symptomatic Covid-19 was consistent across age groups, with potentially slightly lower effectiveness in persons with multiple coexisting conditions.
conclusionsThis study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19-related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.