Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33625724›Full record

ReviewHistology and histopathology2021

Traumatic brain injury: Estimate of the age of the injury based on neuroinflammation, endothelial activation markers and adhesion molecules.

Massimiliano dell'Aquila, Aniello Maiese, Alessandra De Matteis, Rocco Valerio Viola, Mauro Arcangeli, Raffaele La Russa, Vittorio Fineschi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Histology and histopathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Glymphatic System a Window on TBI Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. State-of-the-Art on Wound Vitality Evaluation: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
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  17. Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Massimiliano dell'AquilaDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Aniello MaieseDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Alessandra De MatteisDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Rocco Valerio ViolaDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Mauro ArcangeliDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Raffaele La RussaDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Vittorio FineschiDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. vittorio.fineschi@uniroma1.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are applicable not only in the clinical context, but also in the forensic field. Over time, the literature has accumulated scientific evidence supporting the use of specific histopathological tests in dating traumatic brain injuries. In primary damage, cell death occurs by necrosis/apoptosis. In secondary injury, the underlying mechanisms are inflammation and ischemia. The inflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS) follows the common steps of the innate response. In head injury, the blood brain barrier (BBB) undergoes both functional damage and, subsequently, finer structural changes. Scientific evidence has shown modifications of the junctional-endothelial system that favors the extravasation of immunocompetent cells. The histological evaluation of the subdural hematoma, of the cerebral contusions, of the diffuse axonal damage can certainly bring useful elements, with limitations, to the chronological evaluation of the lesions. Many markers have been used to better define the dating of the head injury. Several authors also analyzed the usefulness of secondary damage markers in brain tissue. The progress achieved with immunohistochemistry is significant compared to the use of routine staining. With immunohistochemistry it is possible to identify much narrower and more precise time intervals and, above all, with greater probative reliability. Recently attention has been paid to the modification of structural proteins and miRNAs. Future research is already started and entrusted to multidisciplinary teams that know how to combine their specific skills in search of a reproducible standard of known and sufficient accuracy.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierBrain Injuries, TraumaticCell Adhesion MoleculesEncephalitisHumansCell Adhesion Molecules

Identifiers

PMID33625724

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.