Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33625692›Full record

ArticleJournal of nephrology2022

Impact of renal replacement therapies on olfactory ability: results of a cross-sectional case control study.

Valentina Iacono, Gianmarco Lombardi, Giancarlo Ottaviano, Giovanni Gambaro, Gianluigi Zaza

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. [Analysis of influencing factors on secondary olfactory dysfunction in different types of chronic sinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025
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  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Valentina Iacono *Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona (VR), Italy.
Gianmarco Lombardi *Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona (VR), Italy.
Giancarlo OttavianoDepartment of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Giovanni GambaroDepartment of Medicine, Renal Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona (VR), Italy.
Gianluigi ZazaDepartment of Medicine, Renal Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona (VR), Italy. gianluigi.zaza@univr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-6196
University of Verona · ITUniversity of Padua · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSeveral studies have suggested that chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with olfactory impairment. However, to date, the impact of renal replacement therapies has only been partly defined.

methodsWe tested the olfactory function of 235 participants [50 kidney transplant recipients (KT), 49 hemodialyzed patients (HD), 30 peritoneal dialysis patients (PD), 51 patients with CKD not on dialysis (ND-CKD) and 55 healthy subjects (HS)] by the Sniffin' Sticks test (Burghardt®, Wedel, Germany), including the sub-tests for the determination of odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), odor identification (I). Each subtest result was then summed up to a composite score, known as the TDI score. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT22), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and olfactory function Visual Analogue Scale (ofVAS) were also performed.

resultsThe mean TDI score was significantly lower (and consistent with hyposmia), in HD, PD and ND-CKD compared to HS and KT (ANOVA p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in the I and D tests, and with the T score, though with regard to the latter, only in PD and ND-CKD patients. Multiple comparisons among groups demonstrated no significant differences between KT and HS. After adjustments for confounding factors, a significant linear association was found between both urea (β - 0.03, p < 0.003) and eGFR (β 0.08, p < 0.001) with TDI score. No significant association was observed between the TDI score and the ofVAS score (p = 0.293).

conclusionsOlfactory impairment affects a large number of CKD patients in the pre-dialysis phase as well as those on dialysis. Kidney transplantation may reverse this condition with a possible positive impact on the quality of life and social behaviors/relationships.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeSmellCase-Control StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansRenal DialysisChronic kidney diseaseHemodialysisKidney transplantationOlfactory functionPeritoneal dialysis

Identifiers

PMID33625692
PMCPMC8803626
OpenAlexW3131755668

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.