ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
Variation of vortex veins at the horizontal watershed in normal eyes.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intractable Elevated Intraocular Pressure during Plaque Brachytherapy for Posterior Choroidal Tumors: A Case Report.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2026Article
- Peripapillary intervortex venous anastomoses in central serous chorioretinopathy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association between Choroidal Vascular Hyperpermeability and Vortex Vein Anastomoses in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Pachychoroid diseases of the macula: an update.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Review
- Deep learning-based automated classification of choroidal layers in en face swept-source optical coherence tomography images.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Structural changes in vortex vein ampullae in eyes with pachychoroid-spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pachychoroid disease: review and update.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Characterization of Vortex Vein Drainage System in Healthy Individuals Imaged by Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Article
- Angiopoietin-1 Is Required for Vortex Vein and Choriocapillaris Development in Mice.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2022Article
- A new insight into pachychoroid diseases: Remodeling of choroidal vasculature.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Review
- Clinical characteristics and pachychoroid incidence in Japanese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography Reveals Patterns of Choroidal Venous Insufficiency Influencing Pachychoroid Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Observational
- Pulsation of anastomotic vortex veins in pachychoroid spectrum diseases.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the vascular pattern of choroidal vortex veins at the horizontal watershed zone in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
methodsWe retrospectively studied 207 normal eyes of 207 patients whose fellow eyes were diagnosed with unilateral retinal diseases without choroidal involvement. Venous anastomosis between the superior and inferior vortex veins and deviation of the horizontal watershed zone were evaluated using 12 × 12-mm en face OCT images. Central choroidal thickness (CCT) was measured on B-mode OCT images.
resultsVortex vein anastomosis was observed in 92 eyes (44.4%) at the horizontal watershed zone. Superior or inferior deviation of the horizontal watershed was ascertained in 69 eyes (33.3%). The frequency of the anastomosis and deviation did not differ significantly between age groups (P = 0.56 and 0.96, respectively). Mean CCT of all eyes was 221 ± 80 μm. CCT was significantly greater in eyes with anastomosis than in those without (233 ± 73 μm vs 210 ± 83 μm, P < 0.05). However, CCT did not differ significantly between eyes with and without deviation of the horizontal watershed zone (223 ± 74 μm vs 219 ± 82 μm).
conclusionsVenous anastomosis at the horizontal watershed zone as well as superior or inferior deviation of the zone were frequently observed in normal eyes. CCT was greater in eyes with than in those without anastomosis, suggesting subclinical vortex vein congestion.
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