ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2021
Prenatal Opioid Analgesics and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and Characteristics of Opioid Use During Pregnancy Between 2010 and 2023: A French Nationwide Drug Utilization Study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Prenatal Prescription Opioid Analgesic Exposure and Academic Performance in Third Grade Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Opioid analgesic use during pregnancy: a drug utilization cohort study in Catalonia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Analgesic opioids in pregnancy and placental malperfusion-related disorders: a population-based cohort study.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prenatal opioid use disorder and child protective service involvement: Does consistent treatment matter?Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Prenatal opioid exposure, neonatal abstinence syndrome diagnosis, and child welfare involvement.Child abuse & neglect · 2025Article
- Opioid analgesic and antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth: A nested case-control study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Prenatal opioid exposure by likelihood of exposure and risk to prenatal development: Medicaid-covered births in Wisconsin, 2010-2019.Science advances · 2024Article
- Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and prescription opioid use during pregnancy: an analysis of the North and South Dakota PRAMS, 2019-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescription Opioid Use During Pregnancy: An Analysis of the North and South Dakota PRAMS, 2019-2020.Research square · 2023Article
- Accuracy of diagnostic codes for prenatal opioid exposure and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Characteristics of Individuals in the United States Who Used Opioids During Pregnancy.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Deuterated buprenorphine retains pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine and resists metabolism to the active metabolite norbuprenorphine in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Stressful life events and prescription opioid use during pregnancy: findings from the 2019 pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- The Effects of Opioid Use during Pregnancy on Infant Health and Well-Being.The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · 2022Article
- Analysis of Prenatal Exposure to Opioid Analgesics and Scholastic Skills in Children in Fifth Grade in Norway.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is unclear whether confounding accounts for the increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) birth in opioid analgesic exposed pregnancies.
methodsUsing universal coverage health data for Ontario, we assembled a cohort of mother-infant pairs without opioid use disorder (627,172 pregnancies and 509,522 women). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) between opioid analgesics and preterm birth, SGA birth, and stillbirth; neonatal abstinence syndrome was a secondary outcome. We used high-dimensional propensity scores and sensitivity analyses for confounding adjustment.
results4% of pairs were exposed, mainly to codeine (2%), morphine (1%), and oxycodone (1%). Compared with unexposed, the adjusted risk of preterm birth was higher with any (1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.3), first- (RR: 1.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.3), and second-trimester (RR: 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.4) opioid analgesic exposure. Preterm birth risk was higher for first- and second-trimester codeine, morphine, and oxycodone exposure, and for third-trimester morphine. There was a small increase in SGA with first-trimester exposure to any opioid analgesic or to codeine. Exposed pregnancies had an elevated stillbirth risk with any (RR: 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4, 1.8), first- and second-trimester exposure. Few infants had neonatal abstinence syndrome (N = 143); the risk was higher in exposed (RR: 3.6, 95% CI = 2.1, 6.0). In sensitivity analyses of unmeasured confounding, an elevated risk in exposed pregnancies persisted for preterm birth but not SGA.
conclusionsOpioid analgesic-exposed pregnancies had a small increased risk of preterm birth and possibly stillbirth after accounting for confounding by indication and sociodemographic factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.