ArticleResearch on child and adolescent psychopathology2021
A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Test of the Low Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) Model of Callous-Unemotional Traits Among Spanish Preschoolers.
Article in Research on child and adolescent psychopathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in Callous-Unemotional Traits: Early Temperamental and Environmental Risk Factors in a High-Risk Sample.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Identifying prospective temperament predictors of callous-unemotional traits using machine learning.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Child and parent behavioral and physiological reactivity to threat and distress predict children's proactive and reactive aggression.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Evaluating the sensitivity to threat and affiliative reward (STAR) model in relation to the development of conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits across early adolescence.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Why Should I? Examining How Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits Relate to Prosocial and Affiliative Behaviors and Motivations.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Fearlessness as an Underlying Mechanism Leading to Conduct Problems: Testing the INTERFEAR Model in a Community Sample in Spain.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Callous-unemotional behaviors and conduct problems in Chinese preschoolers: the moderating roles of surgency and gender.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Article
- Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure, and Validity of the Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale in Children and Adults.Assessment · 2023Article
- Fearlessness as an Underlying Mechanism Leading to Conduct Problems: Testing the Intermediate Effects of Parenting, Anxiety, and callous-unemotional Traits.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- Callous-Unemotional Traits and Social Adjustment among Chinese Preschoolers: The Moderating Role of Teacher-Child Relationship.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Psychopathic Traits in Childhood: Insights from Parental Warmth and Fearless Temperament via Conscience Development.Brain sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite advances in the theoretical and empirical literature, a better understanding of the etiological determinants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits is needed. In this study, we tested the hypotheses advanced by the Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model, a theoretical framework, which proposes that individual differences in two temperament dimensions, fearlessness and low affiliation, jointly contribute to the development of CU traits. Specifically, we examined the unique and interactive effects of fearlessness and low affiliation on CU traits, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally and within and across informants (teachers and parents) in a large community sample of Spanish preschoolers (N = 2467, 48.1% girls, M = 4.25 years; SD = 0.91). Both fearlessness and low affiliation were independently related to higher CU traits across models. Consistent with the purported relationships outlined in the STAR model, we also found that a significant interaction between fearlessness and low affiliation explained unique variance in CU traits. The results suggested that main and interactive effects were specific to CU traits and not to other related dimensions of psychopathic traits that are measurable in early childhood (i.e. grandiose-deceitfulness and impulse need of stimulation). Thus, we provide new empirical support to the hypotheses generated by the STAR model in relation to the development of CU traits. Fearlessness and low affiliation are potential targets of future child-focused interventions to prevent or treat the development of CU traits and childhood conduct problems.
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