ReviewIntegrated pharmacy research & practice2021
Considering the Potential Benefits of Over-the-Counter Naloxone.
Review in Integrated pharmacy research & practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Public perceptions and willingness-to-pay regarding over-the-counter (OTC) naloxone: A national cross-sectional survey informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Spike on a bike: mobile harm reduction in action.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Enhancing Naloxone Distribution for Opioid Users in the USA: A Cost-Utility Analysis of Academic Detailing to Clinicians.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Implementation of Medication Disposal Programs and Availability of Same-Day Naloxone at Community Pharmacies: Protocol for a Secret Shopper Caller Approach.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional survey exploring organizational readiness to implement community pharmacy-based opioid counseling and naloxone services in rural versus urban settings in Alabama.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take-Up of Naloxone.American economic journal. Economic policy · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of direct patient outreach with a narrative naloxone and overdose prevention video to patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy in the USA: the Naloxone Navigator randomised clinical trial.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Intranasal Naloxone for Opioid Overdose.JAMA · 2024Article
- Associations between partisan media consumption, opioid use disorder stigma, and opioid policy support: An exploration of the media's role in the ongoing opioid epidemic.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution in Kentucky: adoption and reach achieved through a "hub with many spokes" model.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Comparison of a national commercial pharmacy naloxone data source to state and city pharmacy naloxone data sources-Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York City, 2013-2019.Health services research · 2023Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Patient-reported problems filling buprenorphine prescriptions and motivations for illicit use.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence treatments in adults: a comprehensive update.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2022Review
- If we build it, will they come? Perspectives on pharmacy-based naloxone among family and friends of people who use opioids: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Where Opioid Overdose Patients Live Far From Treatment: Geospatial Analysis of Underserved Populations in New York State.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
- Limited access to pharmacy-based naloxone in West Virginia: Results from a statewide purchase trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Response to "Considering the Potential Benefits of Over-the-Counter Naloxone" by Evoy et al [Letter].Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2021Article
- Pharmacists' experiences with a statewide naloxone standing order program in Massachusetts: a mixed methods study.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since 1999, annual opioid-related overdose (ORO) mortality has increased more than six-fold. In response to this crisis, the US Department of Health and Human Services outlined a 5-point strategy to reduce ORO mortality which included the widespread distribution of naloxone, an opioid antagonist that can rapidly reverse an opioid overdose. Increased distribution has been facilitated by the implementation of naloxone access laws in each US state aimed at increasing community access to naloxone. While these laws differ from state-to-state, most contain mechanisms to enable pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a patient-specific prescription. These laws have enhanced community naloxone distribution, both from pharmacies and overdose education and naloxone distribution programs, and produced positive effects on ORO mortality. However, a growing body of evidence has revealed that significant barriers to naloxone access from pharmacies remain, and annual ORO deaths have continued to climb. Given these concerns, there has been a push among some clinicians and policymakers for the US Food and Drug Administration to re-classify naloxone as an over-the-counter (OTC) medication as a means to further increase its accessibility. If an OTC transition occurs, educational outreach and funding for clinical innovations will continue to be crucial given the important role of health professionals in recommending naloxone to people at risk for experiencing or witnessing an ORO. Recognizing the severity of the ORO public health crisis, we believe transitioning formulations of naloxone approved for layperson use to OTC status would result in a net benefit through increased access. However, such a change should be combined with measures to ensure affordability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.