ReviewNature reviews. Materials2021
Engineering organoids.
Review in Nature reviews. Materials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 589 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
589 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,089 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Organoid-based strategies and challenges in tissue regeneration].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2026Pooled it
- Nanomaterials targeting ferroptosis for osteoarthritis treatment: a systematic review of preclinical evidence.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Transient culture of adult human hepatocytes as organoids improves engineered liver engraftment.Biomaterials · 2027Article
- Monitoring Calcium Dynamics in Pig Intestinal Organoids with FLIM and FRET.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Self-buoyant cell-spheroid culture programming multi-spheroid assembly.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Engineering autoimmune disease models using organoids: Harnessing microenvironmental engineering for precision medicine and immunological recapitulation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Current and emerging new approach & methodologies for skin hazard assessment.Toxicological research · 2026Review
- A clinically defined and xeno-free hydrogel system for regenerative medicine.Materials futures · 2026Article
- Lipid network crosslinked hydrogels control material dynamics across multiple length scales through lipid movement.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Organoids-on-a-Chip: An Integrating New Technology for Drug Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The sixth sense of the brain: interoception in organoid study.Bone research · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Scalable synthetic peptide hydrogel enables self-organized luminal cavity architecture within hiPSC 3D colonies supporting functional hepatocyte differentiation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Composite Liquid Marble Templated Millimetric Capsule With Tunable Rigidity, Porosity, and Thermal Reconfigurability Toward 3D Cell Culture.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Alu-mediated SPAST deletion impairs golgi zinc transport and reveals a druggable vulnerability.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Targeting the CAF-GDF15 axis attenuates AKT-mediated mitochondrial rewiring and chemoradiation resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Recent advancements and limitations of intestinal organoids for clinical applications.Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2026Review
- Dissecting human organ development using spatial technologies.Developmental cell · 2026Review
529 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have gained enormous interest for modelling tissue development and disease, and for personalized medicine, drug screening and cell therapy. Despite considerable success in culturing physiologically relevant organoids, challenges remain to achieve real-life applications. In particular, the high variability of self-organizing growth and restricted experimental and analytical access hamper the translatability of organoid systems. In this Review, we argue that many limitations of traditional organoid culture can be addressed by engineering approaches at all levels of organoid systems. We investigate cell surface and genetic engineering approaches, and discuss stem cell niche engineering based on the design of matrices that allow spatiotemporal control of organoid growth and shape-guided morphogenesis. We examine how microfluidic approaches and lessons learnt from organs-on-a-chip enable the integration of mechano-physiological parameters and increase accessibility of organoids to improve functional readouts. Applying engineering principles to organoids increases reproducibility and provides experimental control, which will, ultimately, be required to enable clinical translation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.