ArticleAddiction & health2020
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale in a Sample of Iranian Waterpipe Smokers.
Article in Addiction & health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of happiness-based education on women's success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness: a quasi-experimental study.BMC psychology · 2023Trial
- Cluster analysis of conformity and social desirability: Association with use and problematic use of licit substances.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Impact of smoking hookah and cigarettes on hematological and biochemical profiles in the Iranian population.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- "Waterpipe Is Like a Wife": Qualitative Assessment of Perspectives on Waterpipe Smoking Dependence.Addiction & health · 2022Article
- The Prevalence and 5-Year Incidence Rate of Cigarette Smoking and Water-Pipe Tobacco Smoking and Their Associated Factors among 15 to 80 Years Old Urban Population in Southeast Iran: Results from KERCADR Study.Addiction & health · 2022Article
- How Can Healthcare Professionals Treat Dependence on New Tobacco and Nicotine Products in Their Patients?Open respiratory archivesArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWaterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) has recently increased in Iran. There is no valid instrument to measure the level of nicotine dependence among its consumers. This study was aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11).
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2017 whereby 367 waterpipe smokers were recruited from Golestan Province of Iran. LWDS-11 scale is composed of 4 subscales: 1) nicotine dependence, 2) negative reinforcement, 3) psychological craving, and 4) positive reinforcement. The validity of the questionnaire was examined using construct validity. Reliability of this scale was examined using test-retest reliability and internal consistency.
findingsThe four-factor model for LWDS [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.985, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.979, standardised root mean residual (SRMR) = 0.059, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.049 (0.031, 0.061)] demonstrated good fit to this data. Cronbach's α was 0.825 for total scale and it was 0.818, 0.746, 0.624, and 0.670 for each individual subscale. The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.925.
conclusionAll goodness of fit indices (GFIs) represented a good fit of model. The LWDS-11 scale had an appropriate remarkable validity and reliability for waterpipe consumers to measure the level of nicotine dependence and it appeared to be likely useful for utilizing in the clinical and epidemiological studies.
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