ReviewClinical optometry2021
Impact of Ocular Surface Temperature on Tear Characteristics: Current Insights.
Review in Clinical optometry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Dry Eye Disease Examination Techniques.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Electronics-Free Visual Monitoring of Dry Eye Disease-Related Tear Biomarkers Using Smart Scleral Lenses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Controlled-Area Droplet Evaporimeter Reveals Surface Pressure-Dependent Evaporation Resistance of the Tear Film Lipid Layer.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The effects of rectus muscle surgery for intermittent exotropia on ocular surface temperature.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of ocular tolerability and bioavailability of tonabersat transfersomes ex vivo.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Meibum Lipid Saturation Related to Dry Eye, Age, and Sex Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Recent advances in smart contact lenses.Biosensors & bioelectronics: X · 2026Article
- Smart patches for healthcare industry: a review of emerging technologies, challenges, and developmental opportunities.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Optimizing Measurement Parameters for Ocular Surface Temperature Assessment Using ResearchIR Software.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Observational
- Ocular temperature measured by infrared thermography in dogs varies with biological and environmental factors.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Novel Ocular Thermography Metrics for Dry Eye Screening.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- In Situ Forming Poloxamer-Based Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogels for Ocular Application: A Focus on the Derivatives 407 and 188.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Dry Eye Disease Detection Using Infrared Thermography Images: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ophthalmic In Situ Nanocomposite Gel for Delivery of a Hydrophobic Antioxidant.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Formulation of Thermo-Sensitive In Situ Gels Loaded with Dual Spectrum Antibiotics of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin.Polymers · 2024Article
- Contact lens fitting and changes in the tear film dynamics: mathematical and computational models review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Inflammation-suppressing cornea-in-a-syringe with anti-viral GF19 peptide promotes regeneration in HSV-1 infected rabbit corneas.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Application of Poloxamer for In Situ Eye Drop Modeling by Enrichment with Propolis and Balsam Poplar Buds Phenolic Compounds.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Smart Contact Lenses as Wearable Ophthalmic Devices for Disease Monitoring and Health Management.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- Applications of Infrared Thermography in Ophthalmology.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermographic assessment of ocular surface temperature (OST) is gaining interest as an adjuvant method to evaluate the ocular surface. It is a quick, non-invasive test that causes minimal, if any, discomfort to patients. The purpose of this article was to summarize research on how OST relates to tear film parameters and dry eye disease (DED). PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus searches for specific terms were carried out and eligible articles reviewed. OST of the central cornea is ~34-35°C when measured as a single time-point (typically right after a blink). Dynamically, OST values decrease over time at a rate of ~ -0.01 °C/s in healthy eyes. Single time-point OST values are impacted by temperature, with positive correlations noted with both ambient (1°C↓ results in ~0.16°C↓ in OST) and body (1°C↑ results in ~0.98°C↑ in OST) temperature. Single time-point OST values are also impacted by tear parameters, with negative correlations noted with tear break-up time (TBUT; r=-0.61) and positive correlations with lipid layer thickness (~r=0.50). Dynamically, the rate of OST cooling over the interblink period correlates with various tear parameters including Schirmer's test scores (r=-0.39), tear meniscus height (r=-0.52) and the rate of tear film break-up (r=-0.74). These data imply that OST decreases more rapidly in individuals with greater tear production, larger tear volumes, and shorter tear break-up times (faster rates of tear film break-up). There are discrepancies in relationships between OST and DED across studies, which is not surprising given that DED encompasses a number of different phenotypic presentations. However, most studies found that OST decreases at a more rapid rate in DED vs. control groups. As such, cooling rate may have utility as a screening tool in DED in combination with established point-of-care tests.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.