ArticleLaboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology2021
Protein-based immune profiles of basal-like vs. luminal breast cancers.
Article in Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Continuous versus Standard Palbociclib Treatment and Molecular Profiling of Solid Tissues and Liquid Biopsies in the CCTG MA.38 Trial in Advanced Breast Cancer.Cancer research communications · 2025Trial
- IL-15 Complexes Combined with PD-1 Blockade Affect Immune Cell Distribution, Localization, and Immune Signatures in Regressing Versus Non-Regressing Metastatic Breast Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Expression of carcinoma ecotypes in the tumor microenvironment predicts response to neoadjuvant therapy in early-stage breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune environment of high-TIL breast cancer: triple negative and hormone receptor positive HER2 negative.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Article
- Distinct spatial immune microlandscapes are independently associated with outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Gene expression in metastatic breast cancer-patterns in primary tumors and metastatic tissue with prognostic potential.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Progress in research on tumor microenvironment-based spatial omics technologies.Oncology research · 2023Review
- Contrast subgraphs allow comparing homogeneous and heterogeneous networks derived from omics data.GigaScience · 2022Article
- The Landscape of Immune Microenvironments in Racially Diverse Breast Cancer Patients.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Effector memory cytotoxic CD3Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2022Article
- Quantitative analysis of breast cancer tissue composition and associations with tumor subtype.Human pathology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes play an important, but incompletely understood role in chemotherapy response and prognosis. In breast cancer, there appear to be distinct immune responses by subtype, but most studies have used limited numbers of protein markers or bulk sequencing of RNA to characterize immune response, in which spatial organization cannot be assessed. To identify immune phenotypes of Basal-like vs. Luminal breast cancer we used the GeoMx® (NanoString) platform to perform digital spatial profiling of immune-related proteins in tumor whole sections and tissue microarrays (TMA). Visualization of CD45, CD68, or pan-Cytokeratin by immunofluorescence was used to select regions of interest in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. Forty-four antibodies representing stromal markers and multiple immune cell types were applied to quantify the tumor microenvironment. In whole tumor slides, immune hot spots (CD45+) had increased expression of many immune markers, suggesting a diverse and robust immune response. In epithelium-enriched areas, immune signals were also detectable and varied by subtype, with regulatory T-cell (T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.