Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33623075›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Comparing different approaches for operationalizing subjective cognitive decline: impact on syndromic and biomarker profiles.

Patricia Diaz-Galvan, Daniel Ferreira, Nira Cedres, Farshad Falahati, Juan Andrés Hernández-Cabrera, David Ames, Jose Barroso, Eric Westman

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Subjective cognitive decline among diverse older adults: Prevalence and associations with objective cognition.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Subjective cognitive complaints and future risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, which matters most.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2025
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  11. Subjective Cognitive Decline Is Associated With Lower Baseline Cognition and Increased Rate of Cognitive Decline.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023
    Article
  12. Subjective Impairments in Olfaction and Cognition Predict Dissociated Behavioral Outcomes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Patricia Diaz-GalvanDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Daniel FerreiraDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. daniel.ferreira.padilla@ki.se.
Nira CedresDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Farshad FalahatiDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Juan Andrés Hernández-CabreraDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
David AmesAcademic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age (St. Vincent's Health), University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia.
Jose BarrosoDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Eric WestmanDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Universidad de La Laguna · ESKarolinska Institutet · SENational Ageing Research Institute · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a risk factor for future cognitive decline and dementia. Given the heterogeneity of SCD and the lack of consensus about how to classify this condition, different operationalization approaches still need to be compared. In this study, we used the same sample of individuals to compare  different SCD operationalization approaches. We included 399 cognitively healthy individuals from a community-based cohort. SCD was assessed through nine questions about memory and non-memory subjective complaints. We applied four approaches to operationalize SCD: two hypothesis-driven approaches and two data-driven approaches. We characterized the resulting groups from each operationalization approach using multivariate methods on comprehensive demographic, clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging data. We identified two main phenotypes: an amnestic phenotype characterized by an Alzheimer's Disease (AD) signature pattern of brain atrophy; and an anomic phenotype, which was mainly related to cerebrovascular pathology. Furthermore, language complaints other than naming helped to identify a subgroup with subclinical cognitive impairment and difficulties in activities of daily living. This subgroup also showed an AD signature pattern of atrophy. The identification of SCD phenotypes, characterized by different syndromic and biomarker profiles, varies depending on the operationalization approach used. In this study we discuss how these findings may be used in clinical practice and research.

Indexed as

Diagnostic Self EvaluationActivities of Daily LivingAgedBrainCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansLanguageMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMemoryMiddle AgedPsychometricsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID33623075
PMCPMC7902653
OpenAlexW3130533988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.