SynthesisBMJ open2021
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders among homeless people.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Homelessness and health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Health Challenges in Vulnerable Populations: Neurological and Vascular Diseases Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Gdańsk, Poland: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Associations Between Religiosity, Spirituality and Depressive Symptoms Among People Experiencing Homelessness in São Paulo, Brazil: An Observational Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Observational
- Epidemiologic features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Suicide prevention in primary health care among socially vulnerable populations: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Unmet Subsistence and Mental Health Needs in Women Experiencing Homelessness: Rethinking Care Models for Improved Outcomes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Continued Homelessness and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Epidemiological features of depression and anxiety among homeless adults with healthcare access problems in London, UK: descriptive cross-sectional analysis.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression among Homeless Young Adults: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Discrimination, Mental Health, and Readiness to Quit Smoking.Clinical nursing research · 2023Article
- Quality of Depression Care for Veterans Affairs Primary Care Patients with Experiences of Homelessness.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Exploring the effect of case management in homelessness per components: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation, with meta-analysis and thematic synthesis.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Mental health of people with limited access to health services: a retrospective study of patients attending a humanitarian clinic network in Germany in 2021.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of men experiencing homelessness: A cross-sectional study in Osaka, Japan.PloS one · 2023Article
- Chronic diseases and multi-morbidity in persons experiencing homelessness: results from a cross-sectional study conducted at three humanitarian clinics in Germany in 2020.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Identifying pathways to recent non-fatal overdose among people who use opioids non-medically: How do psychological pain and unmet mental health need contribute to overdose risk?Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- PROTOCOL: Exploring the effect of case management in homelessness per components: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation, with meta-analysis and thematic synthesis.Campbell systematic reviews · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Original epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from individual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute's quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran's Q and the I
resultsForty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people (<25 years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people (>50 years of age) when compared with adults (25-50 years).
conclusionThis review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.