ArticleEye and vision (London, England)2021
Strain heterogeneity, cooccurrence network, taxonomic composition and functional profile of the healthy ocular surface microbiome.
Article in Eye and vision (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Health to Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Ocular Surface Microbiota and Detection Methods in Dry Eye.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Linking the microbiome to the complement system in geographic atrophy.NPJ genomic medicine · 2026Article
- Blepharitis driven by microbiome dysbiosis andFrontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the ocular microecology and its role in pterygium based on metagenomics.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The ocular surface microbiome of rhesus macaques.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Bovine ocular microbiome: the next frontier in managing Pinkeye in cattle.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Alterations of ocular surface microbiome in glaucoma and its association with dry eye.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Distinct Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratoconus Patients Correlate With Local Immune Dysregulation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Sequencing the ocular surface microbiome: a review of methodological practices and considerations.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- The Ocular Microbiome: Micro-Steps Towards Macro-Shift in Targeted Treatment? A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- [Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Ocular Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Hospital From 2012 to 2021].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2024Article
- Spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial keratitis: a retrospective analysis of eight years in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Southwest China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Changes of Ocular Surface Microbiome in Patients Undergoing Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT).Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Investigating the Ocular Surface Microbiome: What Can It Tell Us?Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Challenges and insights in the exploration of the low abundance human ocular surface microbiome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Characterization of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratitis Patients after Repeated Ophthalmic Antibiotic Exposure.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Metagenomic profiling of ocular surface microbiome changes inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Ocular surface microbiota: Ophthalmic infectious disease and probiotics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of ocular surface microbiome in Singapore residents with mild dry eye.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Ocular Surface Microbiota in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing evidence indicating that the microbial communities that dwell on the human ocular surface are crucially important for ocular surface health and disease. Little is known about interspecies interactions, functional profiles, and strain heterogeneity across individuals in healthy ocular surface microbiomes.
methodsTo comprehensively characterize the strain heterogeneity, cooccurrence network, taxonomic composition and functional profile of the healthy ocular surface microbiome, we performed shotgun metagenomics sequencing on ocular surface mucosal membrane swabs of 17 healthy volunteers.
resultsThe healthy ocular surface microbiome was classified into 12 phyla, 70 genera, and 140 species. The number of species in each healthy ocular surface microbiome ranged from 6 to 47, indicating differences in microbial diversity among individuals. The species with high relative abundances and high positivity rates were Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium accolens, and Enhydrobacter aerosaccus. A correlation network analysis revealed a competitive interaction of Staphylococcus epidermidis with Streptococcus pyogenes in ocular surface microbial ecosystems. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes revealed phylogenetic diversity among different individuals. At the functional level, the pathways related to transcription were the most abundant. We also found that there were abundant lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways in the healthy ocular surface microbiome.
conclusionThis study explored the strain heterogeneity, cooccurrence network, taxonomic composition, and functional profile of the healthy ocular surface microbiome. These findings have important significance for the future development of probiotic-based eye therapeutic drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.