ArticleBMC medicine2021
Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Distinct Antiandrogen Exposures on the Plasma Metabolome in Feminizing Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Gut microbial alterations and functional shifts in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: insights from a northwestern Chinese metagenomic study.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Assessing and refining a metabolite-based distress score for use in different populations within three US cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The regulation of intrahepatic fatty acid partitioning within the human liver: the effect of sex.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Analysis of salivary metabolites and microbial characteristics in patients with dental fluorosis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in the prognostic value of METS-IR for long-term outcomes in patients with MASLD and advanced liver fibrosis: a nationwide study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Toward Precision Medicine in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from Omics Data into Sex Differences.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Genetic architecture and analysis practices of circulating metabolites in the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- The Impact of Maternal Supplementation of Fish Oil and/or Probiotics During Pregnancy on the Serum Metabolomic Profile From Infancy to Childhood: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Metabolomics biomarkers of frailty: a longitudinal study of aging female and male mice.npj aging · 2025Article
- Recommendations for sample selection, collection and preparation for NMR-based metabolomics studies of blood.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Review
- Cardiometabolic deaths in black and white men: Tracing the risks from early- to mid-adulthood.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Analysis of NHANES Database and a Chinese Cohort.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Plasma metabolomics profiles indicate sex differences of lipid metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Transcriptomics and metabolomics: Challenges of studying obesity in osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2024Article
- SerumBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Past or Present; Which Exposures Predict Metabolomic Aging Better? The Doetinchem Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Sex differences in plasma metabolites in a guinea pig model of allergic asthma.Physiological research · 2023Article
- COVID-19: A complex disease with a unique metabolic signature.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMales experience higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) than females, but the circulating traits underpinning this difference are poorly understood. We examined sex differences in systemic metabolites measured at four life stages, spanning childhood to middle adulthood.
methodsData were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (7727 offspring, 49% male; and 6500 parents, 29% male). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (
resultsAt 8 years, total lipids in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were lower in males; levels were higher in males at 16 years and higher still by 18 years and 50 years (among parents) for medium-or-larger subclasses. Larger sex differences at older ages were most pronounced for VLDL triglycerides-males had 0.19 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI = 0.12, 0.26) higher at 18 years, 0.50 SD (95% CI = 0.42, 0.57) higher at 25 years, and 0.62 SD (95% CI = 0.55, 0.68) higher at 50 years. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B, and glycoprotein acetyls were generally lower in males across ages. The direction and magnitude of effects were largely unchanged when adjusting for body mass index measured at the time of metabolite assessment on each occasion.
conclusionsOur results suggest that males begin to have higher VLDL triglyceride levels in adolescence, with larger sex differences at older ages. Sex differences in other CHD-relevant metabolites, including LDL cholesterol, show the opposite pattern with age, with higher levels among females. Such life course trends may inform causal analyses with clinical endpoints in specifying traits which underpin higher age-adjusted CHD rates commonly seen among males.
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