ArticleMedical hypotheses2021
Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19.
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- AGIHO guideline on evidence-based management of COVID-19 in cancer patients: 2022 update on vaccination, pharmacological prophylaxis and therapy in light of the omicron variants.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2023Guideline
- A personal COVID-19 dendritic cell vaccine made at point-of-care: Feasibility, safety, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Review
- Observational
- Advances in Understanding Long COVID: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Role of Omics Technologies in Biomarker Identification.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Role of Galanin system and insulin resistance parameters as predictive tools for diagnosis of Long-COVID patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Neurological, psychological, psychosocial complications of long-COVID and their management.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Exploring the psychological impact of long COVID: symptoms, mechanisms, and treatments.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Assessing the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the prevention of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with Human Target Cells-A Metabolic View.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fatigue Effects of an Oral Food Supplement in Long COVID Patients.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- UB-612 pan-SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity-promoting vaccine protects against COVID-19 moderate-severe disease.iScience · 2024Article
- The demographic, laboratory and genetic factors associated with long Covid-19 syndrome: a case-control study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Incidence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 gut infection in patients with a history of COVID-19: Insights from endoscopic examination.Endoscopy international open · 2024Article
- Absence of Type I Interferon Autoantibodies or Significant Interferon Signature Alterations in Adults With Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- An agent-based modeling approach for lung fibrosis in response to COVID-19.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- A universal fluorescence polarization high throughput screening assay to target the SAM-binding sites of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral methyltransferases.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 is a serious disease that has infected more than 40 million people. Beside significant mortality, the SARS-CoV-2 infection causes considerable and sustained morbidity, dubbed long COVID. This paper argues that some of this morbidity may be due to a persistent systemic infection. Persistent infection is indicated by continued virus RNA shedding. The virus' superantigen could overstimulate anti-virus immune responses, and thereby induce negative feedback loops, that paradoxically allow the virus to persist. The superantigen would induce strong immune response to any residual infection. This hypothesis suggests that clearing the virus infection completely would be an appropriate intervention against long COVID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.