ReviewThe ocular surface2021
The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging.
Review in The ocular surface, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term Impact of Intravitreal Injections on the ocular surface; a 2-year follow-up study.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Enhanced ocular delivery of tacrolimus via cationic nanoliposomes: Mitigating inflammation and rebalancing Th17/Treg responses in dry eye disease.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- An ageing biomarker signature predicts chronic disease cluster trajectories, physical function and mortality: validation in the TILDA and HRS cohorts.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Mucus Fishing Syndrome: Case Series and a Narrative Review of Literature.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Impact of Aging and Sex on Corneal Nerve Density and Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Article
- Risk Factors and Common Organisms in Bacterial Keratitis in a Tertiary Center in Iran.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2026Article
- The relationship of human tissue MicroRNAs with those from cerebrospinal fluid, tear, sweat, semen, and saliva.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Aging and Corneal Nerve Health: Mechanisms of Degeneration and Emerging Therapies for the Cornea.Cells · 2025Review
- From Tears to Toxins: Mapping Antibiotic Passage Through the Eye-Liver Axis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the transformative effects of calorie restriction on the lacrimal gland in adult mice.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Aging Affects Lipid Homeostasis in Lacrimal Glands by Upregulating Lipogenesis and Changing Its Specificity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjögren Disease: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Altered Corneal T-Cell Motility and Sensory Nerve Features in Older Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The ocular surface microbiome of rhesus macaques.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Applied anatomy and morphology of Meibomian glands in the non-human primate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- New Insights into the Role of Cellular Senescence and Its Therapeutic Implications in Ocular Diseases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Since the last century, advances in healthcare, housing, and education have led to an increase in life expectancy. Longevity is accompanied by a higher prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and infection, and part of this increase in disease incidence relates to the significant changes that aging brings about in the immune system. The eye is not spared by aging either, presenting with age-related disorders of its own, and interestingly, many of these diseases have immune pathophysiology. Being delicate organs that must be exposed to the environment in order to capture light, the eyes are endowed with a mucosal environment that protects them, the so-called ocular surface. As in other mucosal sites, immune responses at the ocular surface need to be swift and potent to eliminate threats but are at the same time tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and bystander damage. This review will detail how aging affects the mucosal immune response of the ocular surface as a whole and how this process relates to the higher incidence of ocular surface disease in the elderly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.