Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33621492›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental cell2021

Mechanical competition triggered by innate immune signaling drives the collective extrusion of bacterially infected epithelial cells.

Effie E Bastounis, Francisco Serrano-Alcalde, Prathima Radhakrishnan, Patrik Engström, María J Gómez-Benito, Mackenzi S Oswald, Yi-Ting Yeh, Jason G Smith, Matthew D Welch, José M García-Aznar and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Physical traits of supercompetitors in cell competition.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. An expanded view of cell competition.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. iScience · 2022
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Effie E BastounisDepartment of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Francisco Serrano-AlcaldeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
Prathima RadhakrishnanDepartment of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Patrik EngströmDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
María J Gómez-BenitoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
Mackenzi S OswaldDepartment of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Yi-Ting YehDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Jason G SmithDepartment of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Matthew D WelchDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
José M García-AznarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
Julie A TheriotDepartment of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: jtheriot@uw.edu.

Funding

Anti-viral Mechanisms of DefensinsR01AI104920 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MCKENNA, ROBERT, SMITH, JASON G · 2014 to 2023
$6.1M
Rickettsia mobilization of the cytoskeleton during invasion, motility, and spreadR01AI109044 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI WELCH, MATTHEW D · 2014 to 2025
$5.6M
Actin-Based Motility of a Bacterial PathogenR37AI036929 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI THERIOT, JULIE A. · 2010 to 2019
$3.0M
ACTIN BASED MOTILITY OF A BACTERIAL PATHOGENR01AI036929 · NIAID · WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RES · PI THERIOT, JULIE A. · 1995 to 2009
$2.2M
Bio-AFM for combined light and atomic force imagingS10OD021514 · OD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUNN, ALEXANDER R · 2016 to 2016
$513k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI036929NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI104920NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI109044NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI036929NIH HHS S10 OD021514
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracellular pathogens alter their host cells' mechanics to promote dissemination through tissues. Conversely, host cells may respond to the presence of pathogens by altering their mechanics to limit infection. Here, we monitored epithelial cell monolayers infected with intracellular bacterial pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes or Rickettsia parkeri, over days. Under conditions in which these pathogens trigger innate immune signaling through NF-κB and use actin-based motility to spread non-lytically intercellularly, we found that infected cell domains formed three-dimensional mounds. These mounds resulted from uninfected cells moving toward the infection site, collectively squeezing the softer and less contractile infected cells upward and ejecting them from the monolayer. Bacteria in mounds were less able to spread laterally in the monolayer, limiting the growth of the infection focus, while extruded infected cells underwent cell death. Thus, the coordinated forceful action of uninfected cells actively eliminates large domains of infected cells, consistent with this collective cell response representing an innate immunity-driven process.

Indexed as

Cell CompetitionImmunity, InnateSignal TransductionActomyosinAnimalsApoptosisBiomechanical PhenomenaCell AdhesionCell LineComputer SimulationDogsEpithelial CellsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansIntercellular JunctionsLaser TherapyActomyosinNF-kappa Badhesionscell competitioncell extrusioncell mechanicsepithelial cellsinfection focusinnate immunityListeria monocytogenesRickettsia parkeritraction forces

Identifiers

PMID33621492
PMCPMC7982222

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.