Trial reportThe Angle orthodontist2021
Perceived pain during rapid maxillary expansion in children with different expanders.
Trial report in The Angle orthodontist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Self-perceived pain in Hyrax versus other maxillary expansion orthodontic appliances: a systematic review of clinical studies.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of rapid versus slow maxillary expansion on patient-reported outcome measures in growing patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Progress in orthodontics · 2022Pooled it
- Pain Experience During Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Prospective Observational Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The three-dimensional influence and clinical significance of anterior traction with rapid expansion during dental replacement.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- The Use of Questionnaires in Pain Assessment during Orthodontic Treatments: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Treatment effects after maxillary expansion using invisalign first system vs. acrylic splint expander in mixed dentition: a prospective cohort study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Pain during Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate and compare the intensity of pain caused by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with two expanders: Hyrax and Haas type, in growing patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsThirty-nine patients (23 girls and 16 boys) with an average age of 9.3 years (SD = 1.39 years) were randomized into two groups and treated with Hyrax- and Haas-type expanders. In both groups, initial activation of the expander screw was one full turn on the first day followed by 2/4 of a turn two times a day (morning and night) for 7 days. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with a posterior crossbite or maxillary atresia between 7 and 12 years old. To evaluate the intensity of pain during the active phase of the treatment, a combination of the Numerical Rating Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale was used. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two treatment groups.
resultsThere was significant inverse correlation between days following insertion and pain. During the expansion period, 100% of the children reported some pain. Hyrax expander subjects reported greater pain than those treated with the Haas-type expander only on the first day. The level of pain remained greater in girls throughout treatment.
conclusionsPain was reported regardless of the type of expander and was higher in the Hyrax group only on the first day of activation.
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