Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33621248›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Prevalence and predictors of secondary traumatic stress symptoms in health care professionals working with trauma victims: A cross-sectional study.

Nina Ogińska-Bulik, Piotr Jerzy Gurowiec, Paulina Michalska, Edyta Kędra

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In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. The biopsychosocial-spiritual impact on non-clinical health professionals who interact with traumatic and/or sensitive health data: A scoping review.Health information management : journal of the Health Information Management Association of Australia · 2026
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  13. Predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress among Oncology Nurses in Palestine.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nina Ogińska-BulikDepartment of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Piotr Jerzy GurowiecInstitute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2238-2519
Paulina MichalskaDepartment of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2179-0307
Edyta KędraMedical Institute, State Higher Vocation School in Glogow, Glogow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8341-6156

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMedical personnel is an occupational group that is especially prone to secondary traumatic stress. The factors conditioning its occurrence include organizational and work-related factors, as well as personal features and traits. The aim of this study was to determine Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) indicators in a group of medical personnel, considering occupational load, job satisfaction, social support, and cognitive processing of trauma. MATERIAL AND

methodsResults obtained from 419 medical professionals, paramedics and nurses, were analyzed. The age of study participants ranged from 19 to 65 (M = 39.60, SD = 11.03). A questionnaire developed for this research including questions about occupational indicators as well as four standard evaluation tools: Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory, Job Satisfaction Scale, Social Support Scale which measures four support sources (supervisors, coworkers, family, friends) and Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale which allows to evaluate cognitive coping strategies (positive cognitive restructuring, downward comparison, resolution/acceptance, denial, regret) were used in the study.

resultsThe results showed that the main predictor of STS symptoms in the studied group of medical personnel is job satisfaction. Two cognitive strategies also turned out to be predictors of STS, that is regret (positive relation) and resolution/acceptance (negative relation). The contribution of other analyzed variables, i.e., denial, workload and social support to explaining the dependent variable is rather small.

conclusionsParamedics and nurses are at the high risk of indirect traumatic exposure and thus may be more prone to secondary traumatic stress symptoms development. It is important to include the medical personnel in the actions aiming at prevention and reduction of STS symptoms.

Indexed as

Job SatisfactionAdultAgedBurnout, ProfessionalCompassion FatigueCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSocial SupportYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID33621248
PMCPMC7901735

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.