Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Reward drinking and naltrexone treatment response among young adult heavy drinkers.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing reward and relief/habit drinking profiles in a study of naltrexone, varenicline, and placebo.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Trial
- An intensive longitudinal examination of topiramate treatment for alcohol use disorder: a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- Using naltrexone to validate a human laboratory test system to screen new medications for alcoholism (TESMA)- a randomized clinical trial.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Within- and between-person effects of naltrexone on the subjective response to alcohol and craving: A daily diary investigation.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Trial
- Naltrexone moderates the association of alcohol use and affect among adolescent drinkers in daily life.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Trial
- Craving mediates the association between affect and substance use in daily life among individuals with substance use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Distilling the evidence for GLP-1 receptor agonists in alcohol use disorder.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Predictors of naltrexone prescribing for alcohol use disorder from the emergency department.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Ecological momentary assessment and mediation analyses reveal relationships between affect, craving, and substance use in daily life.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Naltrexone dose-selectively modulates goal-directed behavior and the hypothalamic proteome in rats.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- The association between pain and negative alcohol-related consequences among college students engaged in binge drinking: The moderating role of reward and relief drinking motives.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Comparing the psychometric properties of reward and relief drinking measures.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- The future of reward and relief drinking profiles: Considerations for social motives, stability of profiles, and tailored interventions.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Examining the validity of the addictions neuroclinical assessment domains in a crowdsourced sample of adults with current alcohol use.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Examining the validity of the drinking motives questionnaire for identifying reward and relief drinking subgroups in college students.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Selecting the appropriate hurdles and endpoints for pentilludin, a novel antiaddiction pharmacotherapeutic targeting the receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase D.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Translational models of addiction phenotypes to advance addiction pharmacotherapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023Review
- Examining a brief measure and observed cutoff scores to identify reward and relief drinking profiles: Psychometric properties and pharmacotherapy response.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Pharmacological interventions for alcohol use disorder: novel insights from recent clinical trials.Expert review of clinical pharmacologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTheory-driven, exploratory study to: (i) identify a reward drinking phenotype in young adults; (ii) evaluate this phenotype as a predictor of naltrexone response; and (iii) examine mechanisms of naltrexone in reward drinkers.
designSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
settingUSA.
participantsA total of 128 young adult (ages 18-25) heavy drinkers.
interventionsNaltrexone versus placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Daily surveys assessed affect, urge, drinking, and context. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire was used to identify phenotypes based on reward (enhancement motives) and relief (coping motives) drinking.
findingsWe identified three profiles: "Low reward/Low relief" (14.1%; low enhancement/low coping motives); "Reward drinkers" (62.2%; high enhancement/low coping motives); and "High reward/High relief" (22.7%; high enhancement/high coping motives). Among reward drinkers (versus low profile), naltrexone significantly reduced percent days drinking to intoxication (blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥0.08) (PDI) (d = 0.56; 95% CI [0.17, 0.96]) and percent high intensity drinking days (PHID) (8/10 drinks for women/men) (d = 0.32; 95% CI [0.01, 0.68]). Among the high reward/high relief profile drinkers (versus low profile), naltrexone reduced PHID (d = 0.69; 95% CI [0.02, 1.50]). Using profile-informed cutoffs and observed scores (for clinical applicability): (i) among cutoff-derived reward drinkers, we found a medium-to-large (d = 0.66; 95% CI [0.24, 1.16]) and small effect (d = 0.28; 95% CI [0.04, 0.72]) of naltrexone in reducing PDI and PHID, respectively; and (ii) among the cutoff-derived high reward/high relief subgroup, we found a medium-to-large effect (d = 0.63; 95% CI [0.05, 1.1]) of naltrexone in reducing PHID. Among reward drinkers (not other profiles), naltrexone reduced drinking on days a drinking event occurred by weakening the within-day association between positive affect and urges (P < 0.05).
conclusionsNaltrexone has pronounced effects in reducing risky drinking among young adult reward drinkers (high reward/low relief) by reducing urges on days when individuals have higher positive affect and are exposed to a drinking event. Naltrexone also appears to reduce risky drinking among young adult high reward/high relief drinkers, but not via the same mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.