ReviewCancer2021
Immunotherapy and radiation therapy sequencing: State of the data on timing, efficacy, and safety.
Review in Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Synergies between radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a systematic review from mechanism to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory metastatic disease: results from a large multicenter real-world cohort study.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Neoadjuvant Early Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Followed by Chemoimmunotherapy in Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment: mechanisms of clinical synergy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Revisiting the Abscopal Effect in the Era of Immuno-Radiotherapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Clinical Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Combination Immunotherapy as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance: From Emergence to Next-Generation Approaches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation and Inflammatory Responses in Human Cells and Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy and the Sequence Relative to Survival Outcomes in SCLC: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.Cancers · 2026Article
- Immune remodeling during cervical cancer chemoradiotherapy: temporal biomarkers and the timing of checkpoint blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From local control to immune modulation: hypofractionated radiotherapy as a backbone for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Envafolimab - novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Role of radiotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer after durvalumab-based immunochemotherapy: A retrospective study.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Survival Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Conjunction with Cranial Radiation for Older Adults with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Synchronous Brain Metastasis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Cancer Immunotherapy in Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- First-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in Taiwanese patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- Embracing the Future of Clinical Trials in Radiation Therapy: An NRG Oncology CIRO Technology Retreat Whitepaper on Pioneering Technologies and AI-Driven Solutions.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Radiation therapy exerts a tumoricidal local effect as well as both local and systemic immunomodulation. Immune checkpoint blockade has become a widely used treatment modality across cancer types with a rapidly growing list of agents and US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. Moreover, there may be synergy between radiation therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Various strategies have been used, but the optimal sequencing of these therapies is unclear. In this review, the authors discuss the major mechanisms of available immune checkpoint inhibitors and explore the available preclinical and clinical evidence regarding treatment sequencing. They also review safety considerations and conclude with possible future directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.