ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2021
Pre-treatment with Scopolamine Naturally Suppresses Japanese Encephalitis Viral Load in Embryonated Chick Through Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.
Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- The roles and mechanisms of natural compounds in preventing and treating viral reproductive disorders in major economic livestock.Virulence · 2026Review
- Natural Alkaloids as Antiviral Agents Against RNA Viruses: A Comprehensive and Mechanistic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Understanding the pro- & anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in Japanese encephalitis & their implications in survival outcome.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Viral inhibitory potential of hyoscyamine in Japanese encephalitis virus-infected embryonated chicken eggs involving multiple signaling pathways.Archives of virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Identification of new inhibitors of NS5 from dengue virus using saturation transfer difference (STD-NMR) and molecular docking studies.RSC advances · 2022Article
- Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Suitable recognition of invasive microorganisms is a crucial factor for evoking a strong immune response that can combat the pathogen. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in the induction of this innate immune response through stimulation of interferons (IFNs) that control viral replication in the host via distinct signaling pathways. Though the antiviral property of Atropa belladonna has been established, yet the role of one of its active components scopolamine in modulating various factors of the innate immune branch has not yet been investigated until date. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the antiviral effects of scopolamine and its immunomodulatory role against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections in embryonated chick. Pre-treatment with scopolamine hydrobromide showed a significant decrease in the viral loads of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and brain tissues. Molecular docking analysis revealed that scopolamine hydrobromide binds to the active site of non-structural protein 5 (NS5) that has enzymatic activities required for replication of JEV, making it a highly promising chemical compound against the virus. The binding contributions of different amino acid residues at or near the active site suggest a potential binding of this compound. Pre-treatment with the scopolamine hydrobromide showed significant upregulation of different TLRs like TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8, interleukins like IL-4, and IL-10, as well as IFNs and their regulatory factors. However, virus-infected tissues (direct infection group) exhibited higher TLR4 expression as compared to scopolamine hydrobromide pre-treated, virus-infected tissues (medicine pre-treated group). These results indicate that scopolamine hydrobromide contributes much to launch antiviral effects by remoulding the TLR and IFN signaling pathways that are involved in sensing and initiating the much-needed anti-JEV responses.
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Registered trials
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