ArticleACS nano2021
Hierarchical Nature of Nanoscale Porosity in Bone Revealed by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy.
Article in ACS nano, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cortical bone material / compositional changes in children with mild osteogenesis imperfecta.Bone reports · 2026Article
- Chemical Post-Processing of SLM Ti6Al4V Structures Using HF with Propylene Glycol: Surface, Structural and Biological Evaluation of an Exploratory Post-Processing Strategy.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Feasibility simulation study of positronium lifetime imaging with the Biograph Vision Quadra and J-PET tomographs.EJNMMI physics · 2026Article
- First positronium lifetime imaging usingScientific reports · 2026Article
- Hierarchy Reproduction: Multiphasic Strategies for Tendon/Ligament-Bone Junction Repair.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Decoding the mechanical characteristics of the human anterior cruciate ligament entheses through graduated mineralization interfaces.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Positronium image of the human brain in vivo.Science advances · 2024Article
- Graphene and its Derivatives for Bone Tissue Engineering:Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchical material primarily composed of collagen, water, and mineral that is organized into discrete molecular, nano-, micro-, and macroscale structural components. In contrast to the structural knowledge of the collagen and mineral domains, the nanoscale porosity of bone is poorly understood. In this study, we introduce a well-established pore characterization technique, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), to probe the nanoscale size and distribution of each component domain by analyzing pore sizes inherent to hydrated bone together with pores generated by successive removal of water and then organic matrix (including collagen and noncollagenous proteins) from samples of cortical bovine femur. Combining the PALS results with simulated pore size distribution (PSD) results from collagen molecule and microfibril structure, we identify pores with diameter of 0.6 nm that suggest porosity within the collagen molecule regardless of the presence of mineral and water. We find that water occupies three larger domain size regions with nominal mean diameters of 1.1, 1.9, and 4.0 nm-spaces that are hypothesized to associate with intercollagen molecular spaces, terminal segments (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.