ReviewNature reviews. Molecular cell biology2021
Direct cell reprogramming: approaches, mechanisms and progress.
Review in Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 288 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
288 citing papers in PubMed.
- The genotoxic stress-inducible geneVirulence · 2026Article
- Direct neuronal reprogramming: emerging therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- SEC Mediates mAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrating delivery systems and microenvironmental cues to accelerate clinical translation of cardiac reprogramming.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Immune-epigenetic convergence in biomaterial-guided tissue regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- In Vivo Direct Reprogramming: Current Progress and Future Prospects from Mechanisms to Therapeutic Application.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- CRISPRa-identified transcription factors reprogram glioblastoma into dendritic cell-like cells to elicit systemic antitumor immunity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The metabolic road from α-cells to β-cells.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- The SynMuvA lin-15A licenses natural transdifferentiation by antagonizing identity safeguarding mechanisms.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- IRAK4 constrains cellular plasticity during chemically-induced cell fate reprogramming into multiple lineages.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- The cardiac 4D nucleome: nuclear and chromatin dynamics across development, disease and ageing.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Transcriptional landscape of direct reprogramming toward the hematopoietic lineage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Efficient chemical reprogramming of human T cells into functional megakaryocytes and platelets.Science advances · 2026Article
- A genome-scale CRISPRi perturbation atlas of human induced pluripotent stem cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Synthetic developmental engineering of human liver organogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Stem Cell Therapy: Past, Present, and Future Aspects.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Harnessing Lessons from Gel-Based and Advanced Biomaterial Therapeutics to Enable Direct Cellular Reprogramming.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Simulation-guided chemical direct reprogramming informed by temporal cellular conversion processes at the single-cell level.Communications chemistry · 2026Article
- Active repression of muscle fate preserves neural lineage identity during cerebellum development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and cell fate determination. Direct reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation) refers to cell fate conversion without transitioning through an intermediary pluripotent state. Given that the number of cell types that can be generated by direct reprogramming is rapidly increasing, it has become a promising strategy to produce functional cells for therapeutic purposes. This Review discusses the evolution of direct reprogramming from a transcription factor-based method to a small-molecule-driven approach, the recent progress in enhancing reprogrammed cell maturation, and the challenges associated with in vivo direct reprogramming for translational applications. It also describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming, including the role of transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, non-coding RNAs, and the function of metabolic reprogramming, and highlights novel insights gained from single-cell omics studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.