Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33619331›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Serine 477 plays a crucial role in the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human receptor ACE2.

Amit Singh, Georg Steinkellner, Katharina Köchl, Karl Gruber, Christian C Gruber

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry: implications for biomedical strategies.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025
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9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Amit SinghInstitute of Molecular Bioscience, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-6545
Georg SteinkellnerInstitute of Molecular Bioscience, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Katharina KöchlInnophore GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Karl GruberInstitute of Molecular Bioscience, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria. karl.gruber@uni-graz.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-9740
Christian C GruberInstitute of Molecular Bioscience, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria. christian.gruber@innophore.com.

Funding

Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung) DOC-46Austrian Science Fund FWF DOC 46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the worldwide outbreak of the infectious disease COVID-19, several studies have been published to understand the structural mechanism of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. During the infection process, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein plays a crucial role in the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process by interacting with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. However, new variants of these spike proteins emerge as the virus passes through the disease reservoir. This poses a major challenge for designing a potent antigen for an effective immune response against the spike protein. Through a normal mode analysis (NMA) we identified the highly flexible region in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, starting from residue 475 up to residue 485. Structurally, the position S477 shows the highest flexibility among them. At the same time, S477 is hitherto the most frequently exchanged amino acid residue in the RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 mutants. Therefore, using MD simulations, we have investigated the role of S477 and its two frequent mutations (S477G and S477N) at the RBD during the binding to hACE2. We found that the amino acid exchanges S477G and S477N strengthen the binding of the SARS-COV-2 spike with the hACE2 receptor.

Indexed as

Molecular Dynamics SimulationAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2HumansSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusStructure-Activity RelationshipACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33619331
PMCPMC7900180

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.