SynthesisScientific reports2021
Genetically predicted education attainment in relation to somatic and mental health.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for prostate cancer: An umbrella review of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization analyses.PLoS medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Higher educational attainment in Huntington disease families: evidence from the Enroll-HD study.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Article
- Polygenic Risks for Mood Disorders and Economic Well-being: Study of Finnish Cohorts.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Utilising genomic association data for causal inference in anorexia nervosa.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- Educational attainment and mental health outcomes: A within-sibship Mendelian randomization study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Mental Health as a Key Mediator for Outcomes in Postsecondary Education, Employment, and Everyday Living in Autistic Adults.Autism in adulthood · 2025Article
- Causal Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Intelligence, Cognition and Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- The moderation of genetic risk for ten major psychiatric and substance use disorders by the genetic aptitude for educational attainment.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Spatial, temporal and demographic distribution characteristics of adenomyosis symptom clusters from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China from 2020 to 2022.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- An exploration into the causal relationships between educational attainment, intelligence, and wellbeing: an observational and two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.Npj mental health research · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With the Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Miyagi Part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2024Article
- Evaluating the causal relationship between educational attainment and mental health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Association and mediation between educational attainment and respiratory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- The Effects of College Education on Depressive Symptoms: An Instrument Variable Approach.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders.General psychiatry · 2024Article
- Understanding the educational inequalities in suicide attempts and their mediators: a Mendelian randomisation study.General psychiatry · 2024Article
- Leisure time television watching, computer use and risks of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomisation analysis.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization studies of depression: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.Annals of general psychiatry · 2023Review
- Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms among International Salespeople in the Medical Device Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study in China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the causal links from education level to health outcomes may shed a light for disease prevention. In the present Mendelian randomization study, we found that genetically higher education level was associated with lower risk of major mental disorders and most somatic diseases, independent of intelligence. Higher education level adjusted for intelligence was associated with lower risk of suicide attempts, insomnia, major depressive disorder, heart failure, stroke, coronary artery disease, lung cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis but with higher risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, anxiety, bipolar disorder and prostate cancer. Higher education level was associated with reduced obesity and smoking, which mediated quite an extent of the associations between education level and health outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of education to reduce the burden of common diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.