ArticleBiology open2021
Three-dimensional model of glioblastoma by co-culturing tumor stem cells with human brain organoids.
Article in Biology open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- Building on a Solid Foundation: Adding Relevance and Reproducibility to Neurological Modeling Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Flash Assembloids: A Rapid Biofabrication of a Platform for Modeling Early Glioblastoma Invasion at the Glioblastoma-Brain Organoid Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Modeling gliomas with organoids: Classification, fidelity, and guidelines for translational neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Organoids as brain tumour models: bridging the translational gap.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Fluorescently engineered KRAS-mutant organoids as versatile tools for in vitro and in vivo cancer modeling.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Organoids as next-generation models for investigating intracranial tumours.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling pediatric brain tumors with human stem cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Development of a fully human glioblastoma-in-brain-spheroid model for accelerated translational research.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Human brain slice cultures: translational applications and ethical considerations.Life science alliance · 2025Review
- Bioprinting revolution: Innovative design of 3D bioactive scaffolds for living organs and transdermal tissues.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Stem cell-derived neural organoids as platforms to investigate glioblastoma invasion and migration: A systematic review.World journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- Human Brain Organoids: Development and Applications.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Functional 3D Human Neuron-Glioblastoma Model Reveals Cellular Interactions Enabling Drug Safety Assessments.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Recent Developments in Glioblastoma-On-A-Chip for Advanced Drug Screening Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Modelling by Developing a Refined Biomimetic Brain Microenvironment for Facilitating High-Throughput Screening of Pharmacological Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Co-culture models for investigating cellular crosstalk in the glioma microenvironment.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging three-dimensional (3D) cultures of glioblastoma are becoming powerful models to study glioblastoma stem cell behavior and the impact of cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions on tumor growth and invasion. Here we describe a method for culturing human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in 3D by co-culturing them with pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids. This requires multiple coordinated steps, including the generation of cerebral organoids, and the growth and fluorescence tagging of GSCs. We highlight how to recognize optimal organoid generation and how to efficiently mark GSCs, before describing optimized co-culture conditions. We show that GSCs can efficiently integrate into brain organoids and maintain a significant degree of cell fate heterogeneity, paving the way for the analysis of GSC fate behavior and lineage progression. These results establish the 3D culture system as a viable and versatile GBM model for investigating tumor cell biology and GSC heterogeneity.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.