ArticleCritical care (London, England)2021
Surfactant therapies for pediatric and neonatal ARDS: ESPNIC expert consensus opinion for future research steps.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05002478 (Short-Term Effect of Prone Positioning in Infants With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short-Term Effect of Prone Positioning in Infants With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of pulmonary surfactant therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Development and validation of a predictive model for acute respiratory distress syndrome in moderate-to-late preterm infants: a multicenter retrospective study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in a neonatal ICU: a retrospective study utilising the Montreux definition.Singapore medical journal · 2026Article
- Surfactant therapy in neonatal care: advances, challenges, and practical considerations.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Case Report: Beyond commensal:Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Intra- and extrapulmonary lipopolysaccharides-induced acute lung injury and pharmacotherapeutic response patterns in ventilated 7-day-old rabbits.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Article
- New perspectives on extracorporeal life support: expert teams and precise selection of candidates are transforming pediatric cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation care.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Endotracheal Surfactant and Budesonide Combination Therapy in Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Late-Onset Sepsis.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2024Observational
- Critical care of severe bronchiolitis during shortage of ICU resources.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Review
- Surfactant replacement therapy as promising treatment for COVID-19: an updated narrative review.Bioscience reports · 2023Review
- Neonatal Outcomes of Term Infants Born with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Significance of Pyroptosis in Immunoregulation and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Evidence from RNA-Seq of Alveolar Macrophages.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- A recipe for a good clinical pulmonary surfactant.Biomedical journal · 2022Review
- Reduced DMPC and PMPC in lung surfactant promote SARS-CoV-2 infection in obesity.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Article
- Rare-variant collapsing analyses identified risk genes for neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- The International Week of Surfactant Research: Increasing knowledge about surfactant and unexploited opportunities.Biomedical journal · 2021Article
- Strategies to protect surfactant and enhance its activity.Biomedical journal · 2021Review
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Focus on Viral Origin and Role of Pulmonary Lymphatics.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Exogenous pulmonary surfactant in COVID-19 ARDS. The similarities to neonatal RDS suggest a new scenario for an 'old' strategy.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pediatric (PARDS) and neonatal (NARDS) acute respiratory distress syndrome have different age-specific characteristics and definitions. Trials on surfactant for ARDS in children and neonates have been performed well before the PARDS and NARDS definitions and yielded conflicting results. This is mainly due to heterogeneity in study design reflecting historic lack of pathobiology knowledge. We reviewed the available clinical and preclinical data to create an expert consensus aiming to inform future research steps and advance the knowledge in this area. Eight trials investigated the use of surfactant for ARDS in children and ten in neonates, respectively. There were improvements in oxygenation (7/8 trials in children, 7/10 in neonates) and mortality (3/8 trials in children, 1/10 in neonates) improved. Trials were heterogeneous for patients' characteristics, surfactant type and administration strategy. Key pathobiological concepts were missed in study design. Consensus with strong agreement was reached on four statements: 1. There are sufficient preclinical and clinical data to support targeted research on surfactant therapies for PARDS and NARDS. Studies should be performed according to the currently available definitions and considering recent pathobiology knowledge. 2. PARDS and NARDS should be considered as syndromes and should be pre-clinically studied according to key characteristics, such as direct or indirect (primary or secondary) nature, clinical severity, infectious or non-infectious origin or patients' age. 3. Explanatory should be preferred over pragmatic design for future trials on PARDS and NARDS. 4. Different clinical outcomes need to be chosen for PARDS and NARDS, according to the trial phase and design, trigger type, severity class and/or surfactant treatment policy. We advocate for further well-designed preclinical and clinical studies to investigate the use of surfactant for PARDS and NARDS following these principles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.