ReviewLancet (London, England)2021
Epidemiology of HIV in the USA: epidemic burden, inequities, contexts, and responses.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to enhance HIV medication adherence among individuals using substances: a systematic review and critique of the literature.AIDS care · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing Structural Racism and Discrimination Along the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Continuum: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Implementation Research on Determinants and Strategies of Effective HIV Interventions for Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States.Annual review of psychology · 2024Pooled it
- What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Implementation of Health Insurance Navigation for Racial/Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men Presenting for Community-Based HIV Testing.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Trial
- Factors associated with mobile app-based ordering of HIV self-test kits among men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Detroit and New York City: an exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Behavioral Efficacy of a Sexual Health Mobile App for Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Trial of Mobile Messaging for Men.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Cancer Screening Behaviors among People with HIV in the United States and the Role of Multi-Level Social and Economic Factors: A Systematic Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Interventions to Address Insomnia Symptoms and Poor Sleep Quality Among People With HIV: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Refusal and Non-Uptake Among People Living with HIV in the United States.Journal of community health · 2026Review
- Comparative Workflow Modelling of HIV Status-Neutral Care Implementation in Six High-Burden Jurisdictions in the United States: A Qualitative Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Characterization of Strategies to Enhance the Provision of Holistic Services Across Three Community-Based Organizations in King County, Washington, United States.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Evolution of ART Medication Adherence Support and Monitoring Across IeDEA Sites: Results From Three Waves of Consortium-Wide Site Assessment Surveys, 2017, 2020 and 2023.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Effect of COVID-19 on Late HIV Diagnosis Rates by Race/Ethnicity in Ending the HIV Epidemic Priority Jurisdictions in the United States.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- "It's a lifeline": perspectives and experiences of health technology use among HIV care providers in rural Florida.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Lessons From Building a Large, Public HIV-Related Database in Support of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US Initiative.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Violence Exposure, Affect and ART Use Among Young Black and Latinx Men Who have Sex with Men: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- What Tools Do We Have to End the US HIV Epidemic? A Review of Structural, Biomedical and Implementation Interventions and Their Potential Population Impact.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Review
- Patient and Service Provider Perspectives of Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Care in North Carolina.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2026Article
- Healthcare Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care Among Youth Living With HIV in South Carolina: Retrospective Study From 2005 to 2021.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The HIV epidemic in the USA began as a bicoastal epidemic focused in large cities but, over nearly four decades, the epidemiology of HIV has changed. Public health surveillance data can inform an understanding of the evolution of the HIV epidemic in terms of the populations and geographical areas most affected. We analysed publicly available HIV surveillance data and census data to describe: current HIV prevalence and new HIV diagnoses by region, race or ethnicity, and age; trends in HIV diagnoses over time by HIV acquisition risk and age; and the distribution of HIV prevalence by geographical area. We reviewed published literature to explore the reasons for the current distribution of HIV cases and important disparities in HIV prevalence. We identified opportunities to improve public health surveillance systems and uses of data for planning and monitoring public health responses. The current US HIV epidemic is marked by geographical concentration in the US South and profound disparities between regions and by race or ethnicity. Rural areas vary in HIV prevalence; rural areas in the South are more likely to have a high HIV prevalence than rural areas in other US Census regions. Ongoing disparities in HIV in the South are probably driven by the restricted expansion of Medicaid, health-care provider shortages, low health literacy, and HIV stigma. HIV diagnoses overall declined in 2009-18, but HIV diagnoses among individuals aged 25-34 years increased during the same period. HIV diagnoses decreased for all risk groups in 2009-18; among men who have sex with men (MSM), new diagnoses decreased overall and for White MSM, remained stable for Black MSM, and increased for Hispanic or Latino MSM. Surveillance data indicate profound and ongoing disparities in HIV cases, with disproportionate impact among people in the South, racial or ethnic minorities, and MSM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.