Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33617699›Full record

Trial reportMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2021

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Anja J H Moonen, Anne E P Mulders, Luc Defebvre, Annelien Duits, Bérengère Flinois, Sebastian Köhler, Mark L Kuijf, Anne-Claire Leterme, Dominique Servant, Marjolein de Vugt and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in Parkinson's disease patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
    Pooled it
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  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Article
  11. Perspective: Depression in Persons with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  16. Levodopa-synergistic CBT intervention improves Parkinson's disease with anxiety disorder by regulating the BDNF/PI3K/AKT pathway.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  17. Behavioral disorders in Parkinson disease: current view.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Anja J H MoonenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Anne E P MuldersDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0415-5475
Luc DefebvreNeurology and Movement Disorders Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France.
Annelien DuitsDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Bérengère FlinoisNeurology and Movement Disorders Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France.
Sebastian KöhlerResearch School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (Mhens), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Mark L KuijfResearch School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (Mhens), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Anne-Claire LetermeNeurology and Movement Disorders Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France.
Dominique ServantNeurology and Movement Disorders Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France.
Marjolein de VugtDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Kathy DujardinNeurology and Movement Disorders Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France.
Albert F G LeentjensDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Maastricht University Medical Centre · NLCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille · FRMaastricht University · NLUniversité de Lille · FR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but no randomized controlled treatment trials of anxiety have been published to date.

objectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety in patients with PD.

methodsForty-eight patients with PD with anxiety were randomized 1:1 between CBT and clinical monitoring only (CMO). The CBT program was developed to specifically address anxiety symptoms in PD and consisted of 10 weekly sessions. Assessments were conducted by blinded assessors at baseline, at the end of the intervention, after 3 months, and after 6 months (CBT group only). Main outcome measures were the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and the Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS).

resultsBoth the CBT and CMO groups showed clinically relevant improvement. Although there was no between-group difference in outcome on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (6.7-point reduction in the CBT group versus 3.9-point reduction in the CMO group; P = 0.15), there was both a statistically significant and a clinically relevant between-group difference on the total PAS in favor of CBT (9.9-point reduction in the CBT group versus 5.2-point reduction in the CMO group; P = 0.012), which was due to improvement on the PAS subscales for episodic (situational) anxiety and avoidance behavior. This greater improvement was maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

conclusionCBT is an effective treatment for anxiety in patients with PD and reduces situational and social anxiety, as well as avoidance behavior. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyParkinson DiseaseAnxietyAnxiety DisordersHumansTreatment Outcomeanxietycognitive behavioral therapyParkinsonʼs diseaserandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID33617699
PMCPMC9290129
OpenAlexW3132538777

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.