ArticlePloS one2021
Detection of diverse carbapenem and multidrug resistance genes and high-risk strain types among carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of target gram-negative bacteria in Kenya.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Phenotypic and genomic profiling of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients in Kenya.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic characterisation of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a tertiary hospital in Ghana.PloS one · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Genomic insight into the high-risk hypervirulent multidrug resistant enteroaggregative-hemorrhagicGene reports · 2025Article
- Genomic and phenotypic insights into ST164 blaBMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Differences in antibiotic susceptibility among gut-colonizingThe Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-β-Lactamase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Tracing the origin of NDM-1-producing and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST357 in the Netherlands.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections and risk factors for acquisition in a Kenyan intensive care unit.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Carbapenemase-producing bacteria recovered from Nairobi River, Kenya surface water and from nearby anthropogenic and zoonotic sources.PloS one · 2024Article
- Whole genome sequencing and genotypingAccess microbiology · 2024Article
- Evaluated gene expressions of Metallo beta lactamase genes GIM and , VIM, SPM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections and associated factors in a Kenyan intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Article
- Enhancing capacity for national genomics surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in public health laboratories in Kenya.Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes detected in Ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from children under five years at hospital discharge, Kenya.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterisation of emerging beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in camels sampled from Northern Kenya.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Environmental contamination across multiple hospital departments with multidrug-resistant bacteria pose an elevated risk of healthcare-associated infections in Kenyan hospitals.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- Molecular Epidemiology ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are an increasingly significant clinical threat globally. This risk may be underestimated in Kenya as only four carbapenemase genes in three bacterial species have been described. The study aimed to understand the antibiotic resistance profiles, genes, sequence types, and distribution of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria from patients in six hospitals across five Kenyan counties by bacterial culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequence analysis. Forty-eight, non-duplicate, carbapenem non-susceptible, clinical isolates were identified across the five counties (predominantly in Nairobi and Kisii): twenty-seven Acinetobacter baumannii, fourteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three Escherichia coli, two Enterobacter cloacae, and two Klebsiella pneumoniae. All isolates were non-susceptible to β-lactam drugs with variable susceptibility to tigecycline (66%), minocycline (52.9%), tetracycline (29.4%), and levofloxacin (22.9%). Thirteen P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Eleven carbapenemase genes were identified: blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, -58, -66, -69, and -91 in A. baumannii (STs 1, 2, 164 and a novel ST1475), blaNDM-1 in E. cloacae (STs 25,182), blaNDM-1, blaVIM-1and -6, blaOXA-50 in P. aeruginosa (STs 316, 357, 654, and1203), blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1 in K. pneumoniae (STs 147 and 219), and blaNDM-5 in E. coli (ST164). Five A. baumannii isolates had two carbapenemases, blaNDM-1, and either blaOXA-23 (4) or blaOXA-58 (1). AmpC genes were detected in A. baumannii (blaADC-25), E. cloacae (blaDHA-1 and blaACT-6, 16), and K. pneumoniae (blaCMY). Significant multiple-drug resistant genes were the pan-aminoglycoside resistance16srRNA methyltransferase armA, rmtB, rmtC, and rmtF genes. This study is the first to report blaOXA-420, -58, -181, VIM-6, and blaNDM-5 in Kenyan isolates. High-risk STs of A. baumannii (ST1475, ST2), E. cloacae ST182, K. pneumoniae ST147, P. aeruginosa (ST357, 654), and E. coli ST167, ST648 were identified which present considerable therapeutic danger. The study recommends urgent carbapenem use regulation and containment of high-risk carbapenem-resistant bacteria.
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