ArticleAmino acids2021
High performance liquid chromatography determination of L-glutamate, L-glutamine and glycine content in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Amino acids, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The glutamatergic system in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Metabolic profile association with white matter hyperintensity in patients with mild cognitive impairment.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Deorphanisation and functional characterisation of OATP5A1 as transport protein for amino acids and vitamins.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Modelling Epilepsy Associated Alzheimer's Disease Through Mitochondrial Complex-I Inhibition: Neurochemical and Therapeutic Perspectives.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- D- and L-Amino Acid Blood Concentrations Are Affected in Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Enzyme-modified microelectrodes for measurement of glutamate: Characterization and applications.Electroanalysis · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Analysis and Comparison of Amino Acid Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Children with Leukemia by the LC-MS Technique.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Dipeptides in CSF and plasma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential in neurological diseases.Amino acids · 2024Article
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis Implicates Sex-Specific Dysregulation of the Blood Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Health-Controlled Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Article
- Metabolomic profiling of CSF and blood serum elucidates general and sex-specific patterns for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Method in Characterization of Blood Metabolomics for Alzheimer's Disease.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Comparative Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Key Metabolic Mechanisms and Protein Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Genetically predicted circulating levels of glycine, glutamate, and serotonin in relation to the risks of three major neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Serum Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Novel Biomarkers of Efficacy for Benfotiamine in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- GlyCEST: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Glycine-Distribution in the Normal Murine Brain and Alterations in 5xFAD Mice.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission is thought to play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, the identification of peculiar biochemical patterns reflecting AD-related synaptopathy in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could have relevant diagnostic and prognostic implications. In this study, we measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography the amount of glutamate, glutamine and glycine in post-mortem brain samples of AD patients, as well as in CSF and blood serum of drug-free subjects encompassing the whole AD clinical spectrum (pre-clinical AD, n = 18, mild cognitive impairment-AD, n = 29, dementia AD, n = 30). Interestingly, we found that glutamate and glycine levels, as well as total tau protein content, were significantly reduced in the superior frontal gyrus of patients with AD, compared with non-demented controls. No significant change was also found in glutamate, glutamine and glycine CSF concentrations between AD patients and neurological controls. Remarkably, serum glutamate levels were significantly higher in patients affected by early AD phases compared to controls, and were negatively correlated with CSF total tau levels. Conversely, serum glutamine concentration was significantly increased in AD patients, with a negative correlation with MMSE performances. Finally, we reported a significant correlation between serum L-glutamate concentrations and CDR score in female but not in male cohort of AD subjects. Overall, our results suggest that serum glutamate and glutamine levels in AD patients could vary across disease stages, potentially reflecting the progressive alteration of glutamatergic signaling during neurodegenerative processes.
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