Observational studyEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2021
Impact of age and gender on paliperidone exposure in patients after administration of long-acting injectable formulations-an observational study using blood samples from 1223 patients.
Observational study in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Pharmacological Treatment of Women with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of Sex and Age on Antipsychotic Serum Concentrations.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Trajectories of Clozapine Concentrations in Women Across Menopausal Age.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Current Status of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Mental Health Treatment: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Comparative Safety Signal Assessment of Hospitalization Associated With the Use of Atypical Antipsychotics.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposePaliperidone palmitate is an antipsychotic medication available as long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age and gender on paliperidone exposure after administration of LAI formulations.
methodsData on serum concentrations of paliperidone from patients using LAI during were included retrospectively from a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service. Information about dose was obtained from the requisition forms. As a measure of exposure, daily dose-adjusted serum concentration (C/D ratio) was used. Based on initial analysis of C/D ratios versus age, a breaking point close to 50 years was observed, thus deciding the grouping of patients as older (≥50 years) or younger (15-49 years). Linear mixed model analyses, allowing multiple measurements per patients, were used.
resultsIn total, 1223 patients were included, whereof 1158 patients used paliperidone LAI in once-monthly intervals. In these patients (27.9% older), older patients had significantly higher paliperidone C/D ratio than younger patients (+20%, p<0.001). Compared to males, females had higher C/D ratio (+14%; p<0.001). Subsequently, older female users of once-monthly LAI intervals had 41% higher paliperidone C/D ratios compared to younger males (15.0 vs. 21.2 nM/mg; p<0.001). Compared to females aged 21-30 years, females with high age (≥70 years) had at least 105% higher paliperidone C/D ratio (p<0.001).
conclusionThe present study shows that older age and female gender are associated with higher paliperidone exposure than younger age and males, respectively. Particularly, older female patients (>50 years) are likely exposed to high concentration and cautious dosing in this subgroup is required.
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Registered trials
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