ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology2021
Increased PD-L1 Expression in Human Skin Acutely and Chronically Exposed to UV Irradiation.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of PD-L1 Expression with Clinicopathologic Characters in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- UV irradiation drives lineage-specific MITF-mediated transcription of PD-L1 to confer immune tolerance to UV-mutated melanocytes.Immunity · 2026Article
- Cinnamon-Derived Compounds Reduce PD-L1 Expression in UV-Exposed Human Skin Cell Line.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Deletion of p53-Related Protein Kinase Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Photocarcinogenesis by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Enhancing CD8 T-Cell Infiltration.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Photoaging: UV radiation-induced cGAS-STING signaling promotes the aging process in skin by remodeling the immune network.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Galectin 7 leads to a relative reduction in CD4+ T cells, mediated by PD-1.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inhibition of UV-Induced Stress Signaling and Inflammatory Responses in SKH-1 Mouse Skin by Topical Small-Molecule PD-L1 Blockade.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2024Article
- Exploring the Functions of Mutant p53 throughCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Optimizing the quality of horticultural crop: insights into pre-harvest practices in controlled environment agriculture.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Review: PD-L1 as an emerging target in the treatment and prevention of keratinocytic skin cancer.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2023Review
- Flavonoid Nobiletin Exhibits Differential Effects on Cell Viability in Keratinocytes Exposed to UVA versus UVB Radiation.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2022Article
- Laser Capture Proteomics: spatial tissue molecular profiling from the bench to personalized medicine.Expert review of proteomics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Overexpression of PD-L1 (CD274) on tumor cells may represent a hallmark of immune evasion, and overexpression has been documented in several tumors including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). While PD-L1/PD-1 activity in the skin has been primarily described in inflammatory models, our goal was to examine PD-L1 expression in human keratinocytes exposed to UV irradiation. We assessed PD-L1 expression in human sun-protected (SP) and sun-damaged (SD) skin, actinic keratosis (AK), and cSCC using IHC and protein microarray. Both methods found low baseline levels of PD-L1 in SP and SD skin and significantly increased expression in cSCC. Next, we examined PD-L1 expression in acute models of UV exposure. In human SP skin exposed to 2-3 MED of UV (n = 20), epidermal PD-L1 was induced in 70% of subjects after 24 h (P = 0.0001). SKH-1 mice exposed to acute UV also showed significant epidermal PD-L1 induction at 16, 24 and 48 h. A time- and dose-dependent induction of PD-L1 was confirmed in cultured human keratinocytes after UV, which was markedly reduced in the presence of MEK/ERK, JNK or STAT3 inhibitors. These findings suggest that UV induces upregulation of PD-L1 through established, pharmacologically targetable stress-signaling pathways in keratinocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.