ReviewCureus2021
Adverse Effects Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alginates and laryngopharyngeal reflux: where we stand. A systematic review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Association between proton pump inhibitor use and migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitor effect on macrophage and neutrophil function: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Fenugreek in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Five-year clinical outcomes of RefluxStop surgery in the treatment of acid reflux: a prospective multicenter trial of safety and effectiveness.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Trial
- Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Drug Utilization Pattern of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients with Acid Peptic Disease and Comorbidities in India: A Real-World Electronic Medical Records-Based Study.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2026Article
- Article
- Prescribing patterns and determinants of long-term proton pump inhibitor use in Malaysian public hospitals.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Pemphigus vulgaris-a blistering clinical enigma: case report.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Administration of Undiluted Famotidine IV Push at a Large Pediatric Academic Medical Center.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Article
- One-year body weight loss and gain as independent predictors of frailty-related outcomes and mortality in an aging Japanese population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Disproportionate Reporting of Acute Kidney Injury and Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A FAERS Pharmacovigilance Study, 2020-2025.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of combined omeprazole and dose-escalated striatin therapy versus monotherapy on VEGF, ITF, gastric ulcer area, epithelial thickness, and inflammatory response in rats with aspirin-induced gastric injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Current Medical Controversies in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- TGF-β signaling in heterotopic ossification: the pathogenesis and the target for its treatment.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Review
- Amprenavir Mitigates Pepsin-Induced Transcriptomic Changes in Normal and Precancerous Esophageal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of an anti-reflux diet in the treatment of chronic cough caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Observational
- Immune Basis of Therapeutic Effects ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) marked a before and after in the management of gastric acid-related disorders since their introduction to the market in 1989. Due to a novel, highly effective mechanism of action blocking the last converging step of gastric acid secretion by parietal cells and very few and mostly tolerable side effects, these drugs quickly displaced other pharmacological compounds such as H2 antagonists as the first treatment choice for peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated ulcers, and eradication of Helicobacter pylori, leading to an exponential increase in their prescription up to now. However, widespread PPI use has led to emerging evidence of long-term adverse effects not described previously, including increased risk of kidney, liver, and cardiovascular disease, dementia, enteroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, susceptibility to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, and impaired absorption of nutrients. Although the evidence published thus far has not established strong correlations, it has been relevant enough to raise new questions about PPIs' safety profile and reconsideration of their clinical indications. Hence, the aim of this review is to evaluate the association between PPI use and the risk of serious adverse effects given increasing concerns about the overuse of PPIs in the general population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.