ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Reflects a T
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis of granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders: an ERS Clinical Research Collaboration.The European respiratory journal · 2026Guideline
- Diagnostic testing for interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Elevated IL-10 is Linked With the Expansion of T-betJournal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- What's the connection? Sarcoidosis and combined variable immunodeficiency: A Single center retrospective case series.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2025Article
- When Less Could be More: Successful Treatment of Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease with Azathioprine.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2025Article
- Expansion of CD57Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Approach to diagnosing and managing granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Review
- Sarcoidosis versus Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Comparative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- STAT expression and TFH1 cells in CVID granulomatosis and sarcoidosis: immunological and histopathological comparisons.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Common and Uncommon CT Findings in CVID-Related GL-ILD: Correlations with Clinical Parameters, Therapeutic Decisions and Potential Implications in the Differential Diagnosis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Lymphoid stromal cells - potential implications for the pathogenesis of CVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A close-up on the expanding landscape of CD21-/low B cells in humans.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Raised Serum Markers of T Cell Activation and Exhaustion in Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Distinct CD8 T Cell Populations with Differential Exhaustion Profiles Associate with Secondary Complications in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Fractional analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: About 20% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from interstitial lung disease (ILD) as part of a systemic immune dysregulation. Current understanding suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis based on histology and increased levels of BAFF and IgM associated with active disease corroborated by several reports which demonstrate the successful use of rituximab in CVID-ILD. It is debated whether histological confirmation by biopsy or even video-assisted thoracoscopy is required and currently not investigated whether less invasive methods like a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) might provide an informative diagnostic tool. Objective: To gain insight into potential immune mechanisms underlying granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) and to define biomarkers for progressive ILD by characterizing the phenotype of B- and T-cell populations and cytokine profiles in BAL fluid (BALF) of CVID-ILD compared to sarcoidosis patients and healthy donors (HD). Methods: Sixty-four CVID, six sarcoidosis, and 25 HD BALF samples were analyzed by flow cytometric profiling of B- and T-cells and for cytokines by ELISA and Multiplexing LASER Bead technology. Results: Both sarcoidosis and CVID-ILD are characterized by a predominantly T-cell mediated lymphocytosis in the BALF. There is an increase in T follicular helper (T Conclusion: Unlike in sarcoidosis, B cells are expanded in BALF of CVID-ILD patients. This is associated with an expansion of T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.