ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
A Live Attenuated H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Prevents the Viral Reassortment by Exchanging the HA and NS1 Packaging Signals.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal predictors of neurodevelopment: the interplay between APGAR score and neonatal microbiome.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- Therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of phage therapy in red hybrid tilapia challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Construction of a replication-defective recombinant virus and cell-based vaccine for H9N2 avian influenza virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Impact of inactivated vaccine on transmission and evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Novel strategies towards efficient molecular biohydrogen production by dark fermentative mechanism: present progress and future perspective.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2022Review
- Status and Challenges for Vaccination against Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in China.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines with modified NS1 proteins for veterinary use.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus is not only an important zoonotic pathogen, it can also easily recombine with other subtypes to generate novel reassortments, such as the H7N9 virus. Although H9N2 live attenuated vaccines can provide good multiple immunities, including humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, the risk of reassortment between the vaccine strain and wild-type virus is still a concern. Here, we successfully rescued an H9N2 live attenuated strain [rTX-NS1-128 (mut)] that can interdict reassortment, which was developed by exchanging the mutual packaging signals of HA and truncated NS1 genes and confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. The dynamic growth results showed that rTX-NS1-128 (mut) replication ability in chick embryos was not significantly affected by our construction strategy compared to the parent virus rTX strain. Moreover, rTX-NS1-128 (mut) had good genetic stability after 15 generations and possessed low pathogenicity and no contact transmission characteristics in chickens. Furthermore, chickens were intranasally immunized by rTX-NS1-128 (mut) with a single dose, and the results showed that the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers peaked at 3 weeks after vaccination and lasted at least until 11 weeks. The cellular immunity (IL-6 and IL-12) and mucosal immunity (IgA and IgG) in the nasal and trachea samples were significantly increased compared to inactivated rTX. Recombinant virus provided a good cross-protection against homologous TX strain (100%) and heterologous F98 strain (80%) challenge. Collectively, these data indicated that rTX-NS1-128(mut) lost the ability for independent reassortment of HA and NS1-128 and will be expected to be used as a potential live attenuated vaccine against H9N2 subtype avian influenza.
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