ArticleInternational journal of integrated care2021
Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners in Primary Care Plus: A Systematic Review.
Article in International journal of integrated care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Physician associates and anaesthetic associates in UK: rapid systematic review of recent UK based research.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Patients' experiences with a nurse-led transmural headache care pathway: a qualitative study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Examples of Systemic Solutions for Skill-Mix Issues-An Analysis of International Experiences with a Focus on Rural Areas.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Patient experiences of consulting advanced practice nurses in primary care: a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: Key clinical considerations.Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · 2026Article
- The psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner in the general practice: a realist evaluation multiple case study.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Regional variation in health care substitution for intrauterine device insertion: a retrospective cohort study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Comparison of two GP service provider models in older adults: a register-based follow-up study.BJGP open · 2023Article
- Skill-Mix Changes Targeting Health Promotion and Prevention Interventions and Effects on Outcomes in all Settings (Except Hospitals): Overview of Reviews.International journal of public health · 2023Review
- Frequency Of Indirect Billing To Medicare For Nurse Practitioner And Physician Assistant Office Visits.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2022Article
- Inequal distribution of nursing personnel: a subnational analysis of the distribution of nurses across 58 countries.Human resources for health · 2022Article
- An Advanced Practice Provider Guide to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation.Journal of pain research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionShifting specialist care from the hospital to primary care/community care (also called primary care plus) is proposed as one option to reduce the increasing healthcare costs, improve quality of care and accessibility. The aim of this systematic review was to get insight in primary care plus provided by physician assistants or nurse practitioners.
methodsScientific databases and reference list were searched. Hits were screened on title/abstract and full text. Studies published between 1990-2018 with any study design were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed using QualSyst tool.
resultsSearch resulted in 5.848 hits, 15 studies were included. Studies investigated nurse practitioners only. Primary care plus was at least equally effective as hospital care (patient-related outcomes). The number of admission/referral rates was significantly reduced in favor of primary care plus. Barriers to implement primary care plus included obtaining equipment, structural funding, direct access to patient-data. Facilitators included multidisciplinary collaboration, medical specialist support, protocols. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION: Quality of care within primary care plus delivered by nurse practitioners appears to be guaranteed, at patient-level and professional-level, with better access to healthcare and fewer referrals to hospital. Most studies were of restricted methodological quality. Findings should be interpreted with caution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.