ReviewCurrent infectious disease reports2021
Host Diagnostic Biomarkers of Infection in the ICU: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?
Review in Current infectious disease reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Procalcitonin for the diagnosis of postoperative bacterial infection after adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of plasma calprotectin as a marker for infection in various clinical settings: a prospective observational study.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Explainable machine learning algorithms for preoperative risk stratification of urosepsis after retrograde intrarenal surgery.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
- Sepsis alters NK cell transcriptional programs for stress, actin remodeling, and intracellular trafficking.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for pneumonia after major trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2026Article
- Serial C-Reactive Protein Measurements for Prognostication and Antimicrobial Decision-Making in ICU Sepsis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Intensive care infection score: ICIS discriminates between infected and uninfected critically ill patients in routine intensive care unit practice.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2025Article
- Prospective Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Profiles of Febrile and Afebrile Immunosuppressed Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Identifying biomarkers distinguishing sepsis after trauma from trauma-induced SIRS based on metabolomics data: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 level and risk of death within 90 days after intensive care unit admission: A substudy of the IVOIRE cohort.PloS one · 2025Article
- Transcriptional pathways of terminal differentiation in high- and low-density blood granulocytes in sepsis.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Article
- MicroRNA Expression Profile in Patients Admitted to ICU as Novel and Reliable Approach for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Purposes.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Review
- Bacterial Infections in Intensive Care Units: Epidemiological and Microbiological Aspects.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- MicroRNA Profiles in Critically Ill Patients.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- The diagnostic likelihood ratio function and modified test for trend: Identifying, evaluating, and validating nontraditional biomarkers in case-control studies.Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- Metabolomic profiling of bacterial biofilm: trends, challenges, and an emerging antibiofilm target.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- Biomarkers as Prognostic Predictors and Therapeutic Guide in Critically Ill Patients: Clinical Evidence.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Recent advancements in critical care: Part I.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Pneumonia in the first week after polytrauma is associated with reduced blood levels of soluble herpes virus entry mediator.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of a Multivalent Transcriptomic Metric for Diagnosing Surgical Sepsis and Estimating Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewEarly identification of infection in the critically ill patient and initiation of appropriate treatment is key to reducing morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials leads to harms, many of which may be exaggerated in the critically ill population. The current method of diagnosing infection in the intensive care unit relies heavily on clinical gestalt; however, this approach is plagued by biases. Therefore, a reliable, independent biomarker holds promise in the accurate determination of infection. We discuss currently used host biomarkers used in the intensive care unit and review new and emerging approaches to biomarker discovery. RECENT
findingsWhite cell count (including total white cell count, left shift, and the neutrophil-leucocyte ratio), C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin are the most common host diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis used in current clinical practice. However, their utility in the initial diagnosis of infection, and their role in the subsequent decision to commence treatment, remains limited. Novel approaches to biomarker discovery that are currently being investigated include combination biomarkers, host 'sepsis signatures' based on differential gene expression, site-specific biomarkers, biomechanical assays, and incorporation of new and pre-existing host biomarkers into machine learning algorithms. SUMMARY: To date, no single reliable independent biomarker of infection exists. Whilst new approaches to biomarker discovery hold promise, their clinical utility may be limited if previous mistakes that have afflicted sepsis biomarker research continue to be repeated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.