Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33612490›Full record

Trial reportIndian pediatrics2021

Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Reducing Unintentional Childhood Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Ramesh Holla, B B Darshan, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Nithin Kumar, Anju Sinha, Rekha Thapar, P Prasanna Mithra, Vaman Kulkarni, Archana Ganapathy, Himani Kotian

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Trial report in Indian pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ramesh HollaDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka. Correspondence to: Dr Ramesh Holla, Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka, India. ramesh.holla@manipal.edu.
B B DarshanDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Bhaskaran UnnikrishnanDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Nithin KumarDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Anju SinhaDivision of Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi.
Rekha ThaparDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
P Prasanna MithraDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Vaman KulkarniDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Archana GanapathyDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Himani KotianDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka.
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal · INManipal Academy of Higher Education · INIndian Council of Medical Research · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting child safety and reducing unintentional childhood injuries.

methodsThis cluster randomized trial with 1:1 allocation of clusters to intervention and control arm was conducted in the public and private schools of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, over a period of 10 months. Study participants included children from standard 5-7 in schools selected for the study. 10 schools that could accommodate 1100 students each, were randomly allocated to the interventional and control arm. A comprehensive child safety and injury prevention module was developed based on the opinions of school teachers through focus group discussions. This module was periodically taught to the students of intervention arm by the teachers. The children in control arm did not receive any intervention. Outcome was assessed by determining the incidence of unintentional injuries and type of injuries from the questionnaire used at the baseline, and at the end of three, six, and ten months.

resultsUnintentional injuries declined progressively from baseline until the end of the study in both the interventional arm (from 52.9% to 2.5%) and control arm (from 44.7% to 32%) [AOR (95% CI) 0.458 (0.405-0.518); P value <0.001]. The decline in incidence of injuries in the interventional arm was higher than that in the control arm (50.4% vs 12.7%; P <0.001).

conclusionsSchool based educational intervention using child safety and injury prevention modules is effective in reducing unintentional injuries among school children over a 10-month period.

Indexed as

SchoolsStudentsChildFemaleHumansIndiaPregnancySurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID33612490
PMCPMC8253681
OpenAlexW3131718751

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.