Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33610731›Full record

ArticleCancer letters2021

Exosome-mediated delivery of RNA and DNA for gene therapy.

Radha Munagala, Farrukh Aqil, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Raghuram Kandimalla, Margaret Wallen, Neha Tyagi, Sarah Wilcher, Jun Yan, David J Schultz, Wendy Spencer and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery in cancer: Loading strategies, targeting approaches, and therapeutic outcomes.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Emerging strategies to reduce the side effects of CAR-T cell therapy: focusing on gene editing and nanotechnology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Radha Munagala3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Farrukh AqilJames Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Raghuram KandimallaJames Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Margaret Wallen3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Neha TyagiJames Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Sarah WilcherResearch Resources Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Jun YanJames Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
David J SchultzDepartment of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
Wendy Spencer3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Ramesh C Gupta3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: rcgupta@louisville.edu.
University of Louisville · USOPX Biotechnologies (United States) · US

Funding

Exosomal Drug DeliveryR44CA221487 · NCI · 3P BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. · PI GUPTA, RAMESH C, SPENCER, WENDY A · 2017 to 2018
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS R44 CA221487
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene therapy promises to revolutionize biomedicine and personalized medicine by modulating or compensating the expression of abnormal genes. The biggest obstacle for clinical application is the lack of an effective, non-immunogenic delivery system. We show that bovine colostrum exosomes and polyethyleneimine matrix (EPM) delivers short interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) for effective gene therapy. KRAS, a therapeutic focus for many cancers, was targeted by EPM-delivered KRAS siRNA (siKRAS) and inhibited lung tumor growth (>70%) and reduced KRAS expression (50%-80%). Aberrant p53 is another therapeutic focus for many cancers. EPM-mediated introduction of wild-type (WT) p53 pDNA (pcDNA-p53) resulted in p53 expression in p53-null H1299 cells in culture, subcutaneous lung tumor, and tissues of p53-knockout mice. Additionally, chemo-sensitizing effects of paclitaxel were restored by exogenous WT p53 in lung cancer cells. Together, this novel EPM technology represents an effective 'platform' for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to treat human disease.

Indexed as

ExosomesGene Transfer TechniquesAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleGenes, p53Genetic TherapyHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeoplasmsPolyethyleneimineProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)RNA, Small InterferingKRAS protein, humanPolyethyleneimineProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)RNA, Small InterferingCancerDeliveryExosomePlasmid-DNAsiRNA

Identifiers

PMID33610731
PMCPMC8005491
OpenAlexW3132794635

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.