ReviewNeuroscience letters2021
Molecular mechanisms of sex differences in epilepsy and seizure susceptibility in chemical, genetic and acquired epileptogenesis.
Review in Neuroscience letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex and gender differences in memory in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Mortality in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of various doses of oral cannabidiol for treating refractory epilepsy indications: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and its association with epilepsy risk and cognitive function.Acta epileptologica · 2026Article
- Comparative trends in idiopathic epilepsy burden in China and worldwide based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Circadian Rhythms Time Seizure Severity inJournal of biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Rest-activity patterns across development in two mouse models of autism and epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Sex-related structural alterations across common epilepsies: a worldwide ENIGMA study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Global, regional and national burden of epilepsy secondary to four major neonatal disorders: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Global burden of epilepsy attributable to neonatal disorders in children from 1990 to 2021.iScience · 2026Article
- The potential role of COX-2/PGs signaling pathway in epileptogenesis and associated neuroinflammation: collusions or serendipity.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Neural circuit mechanisms of epilepsy: Maintenance of homeostasis at the cellular, synaptic, and neurotransmitter levels.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Cortistatin neurons in the prelimbic cortex regulate seizure susceptibility in female mice via BDNF-TrkB signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic effects of curcumin on seizure and its mechanisms of action.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Core Circadian Protein BMAL1: Implication for Nervous System Functioning and Its Diseases.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Global, regional and national burden of epilepsy in adolescents aged 10-19 years from 1990 to 2021: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Voltammmetric Assessment and Examination of the Interactions between Levetiracetam and DNA: Experimental Research, Molecular Docking, and Modeling Studies.ChemistryOpen · 2025Article
- Modified Pentylenetetrazole Model for Acute Seizure Induction in Rats.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Global burden trends of idiopathic epilepsy in young adults from 1990 to 2035: based on the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article provides a succinct overview of sex differences in epilepsy and putative molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in seizure susceptibility in chemical, genetic, and acquired epileptogenesis. The susceptibility to excitability episodes and occurrence of epileptic seizures are generally higher in men than women. The precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear, but differences in regional morphology and neural circuits in men and women may explain differential vulnerability to seizures and epileptogenic cascades. Changes in seizure sensitivity can be attributed to steroid hormones, including fluctuations in neurosteroids as well as neuroplasticity in their receptor signaling systems. Other potential neurobiological bases for sex differences in epilepsies include differences in brain development, neurogenesis, neuronal chloride homeostasis, and neurotrophic and glial responses. In catamenial epilepsy, a gender-specific neuroendocrine condition, epileptic seizures are most often clustered around a specific menstrual period in adult women. A deeper understanding of the molecular and neural network basis of sex differences in seizures and response to antiepileptic drugs is highly warranted for designing effective, sex-specific therapies for epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.