ArticleNeurobiology of learning and memory2021
Males and females differ in the regulation and engagement of, but not requirement for, protein degradation in the amygdala during fear memory formation.
Article in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-canonical K27 polyubiquitination is a sex-specific regulator of contextual fear memory in the hippocampus but not the amygdala.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Temporal- and sex-specific changes in proteasome-dependent and independent polyubiquitination in the amygdala during fear memory formation.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Post-Covid Alzheimer and Its Remediation via PROTACs Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Reductions in protein degradation in the retrosplenial cortex regulate contextual fear memory formation in a sex-independent manner.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2026Article
- Computational tracking of cell origins using CellSexID from single-cell transcriptomes.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Increased DNA methylation of Igf2 in the male hippocampus regulates age-related deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory.Brain research bulletin · 2025Article
- Sweet Relief? Short-Term Post-Traumatic High-Sucrose Intake Attenuates Acute but Not Long-Term Fear Responses in Mice.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Indirectly acquired fear memories have distinct, sex-specific molecular signatures from directly acquired fear memories.PloS one · 2024Article
- Sex-differences in proteasome-dependent K48-polyubiquitin signaling in the amygdala are developmentally regulated in rats.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Hypothalamic DNA 5-hydroxymethylation levels are altered by diet-induced weight gain during the development of obesity in a sex-specific manner.Brain research · 2023Article
- New perspectives on sex differences in learning and memory.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- The ubiquitin-proteasome system and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity - A 10 year update.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Proteasome-independent K63 polyubiquitination selectively regulates ATP levels and proteasome activity during fear memory formation in the female amygdala.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Short-term exposure to an obesogenic diet causes dynamic dysregulation of proteasome-mediated protein degradation in the hypothalamus of female rats.Nutritional neuroscience · 2023Article
- Neuronal and astrocytic protein degradation are critical for fear memory formation.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Controlling hypothalamic DNA methylation at the Pomc promoter does not regulate weight gain during the development of obesity.PloS one · 2023Article
- Sex differences in training-induced activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of male and female mice.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- The epigenetic role of proteasome subunit RPT6 during memory formation in female rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Protein SUMOylation is a sex-specific regulator of fear memory formation in the amygdala.Behavioural brain research · 2022Article
- PROTACs technology for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Advances and perspectives.Acta materia medica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Over the last decade, strong evidence has emerged that protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for fear memory formation in the amygdala. However, this work has been done primarily in males, leaving unanswered questions about whether females also require protein degradation during fear memory formation. Here, we found that male and female rats differed in their engagement and regulation of, but not need for, protein degradation in the amygdala during fear memory formation. Male, but not female, rats had increased protein degradation in the nuclei of amygdala cells after fear conditioning. Conversely, females had elevated baseline levels of overall ubiquitin-proteasome activity in amygdala nuclei. Gene expression and DNA methylation analyses identified that females had increased baseline expression of the ubiquitin coding gene Uba52, which had increased DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmc) in its promoter region, indicating a euchromatin state necessary for increased levels of ubiquitin in females. Consistent with this, persistent CRISPR-dCas9 mediated silencing of Uba52 and proteasome subunit Psmd14 in the amygdala reduced baseline protein degradation levels and impaired fear memory in male and female rats, while enhancing baseline protein degradation in the amygdala of both sexes promoted fear memory formation. These results suggest that while both males and females require protein degradation in the amygdala for fear memory formation, they differ in their baseline regulation and engagement of this process following learning. These results have important implications for understanding the etiology of sex-related differences in fear memory formation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.