ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2021
Clinical efficacy of plasma exchange in patients with autoimmune encephalitis.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on efficacy and adverse events in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on real-world studies and single-arm clinical trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Features and Therapeutic Effects of Anti-leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of efgartigimod in patients with anti-NMDAR or anti-LGI1 encephalitis and itsNeuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Acute Care-Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Comorbidity Between Anti-GAD65 Autoimmune Encephalitis and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Case Report: Anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis with refractory status epilepticus and favorable short-term recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multimodal temporal dissociation in anti-GABAFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Comparing the efficacy of first-line immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis: a scoping review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy and immunomodulation of double-filtration plasmapheresis in autoimmune encephalitis: A prospective study highlighting the importance of timely initiation.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Efgartigimod-rituximab sequential therapy in Anti-NMDAR encephalitis: real-world evidence for a novel salvage-maintenance strategy.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of rituximab as second-line therapy for autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Double Filtration Plasmapheresis Shows Superior Short-Term Efficacy to Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Acute Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Observational
- Efficacy and safety of blood purification in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Prediction model for severe autoimmune encephalitis: a tool for risk assessment and individualized treatment guidance.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Caused by a Teratoma Arising From the Retroperitoneum.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Comparative efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin and protein A immunoadsorption in severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic plasma exchange in autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Mexico.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Review of the Longitudinal Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis, Potential Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutics.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2024Review
- A Case of Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated Protein 1 (Anti-LGI1) Limbic Encephalitis With Normal Imaging.Cureus · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Children with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Limited Unicentral Study.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the clinical and antibody response after therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in patients with severe refractory antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (AE).
methodsThis single-center prospective cohort included all patients consecutively admitted to our hospital because of severe refractory AE over the period from July 2014 to June 2019. All patients received immunotherapy (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and/or TPE). The primary outcome was evaluated at 1- and 2-month postenrollment, and the long-term outcome was followed up at 6 and 12 months. AE antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were evaluated before and after TPE/IVIG.
resultsThis study enrolled 57 patients with severe refractory AE, including anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (n = 51), anti-GABAb receptor encephalitis (n = 3), anti-LGI 1 encephalitis (n = 2), and anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis (n = 1). Of all 57 patients, 33 patients received TPE for a total of 193 procedures, and 24 patients with contraindications or refusal of TPE were in the non-TPE group. Compared with the non-TPE group, the TPE group exhibited greater clinical improvement: 21 (37%) versus 8 (14%) after 1 month (P = 0.03) and 31 (54%) versus 16 (28%) after 2 months (P = 0.01), respectively. Complications and adverse events associated with TPE occurred in 91 procedures (47%) without serious adverse events associated with the use of TPE.
interpretationTPE might be an effective rescue therapy associated with rapid functional improvement in patients with severe steroid/IVIG refractory antibody-associated AE from this nonrandomized control trial.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.