Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33608277›Full record

ArticleScience advances2021

Quantification of Cas9 binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences maps landscapes of target engagement.

Evan A Boyle, Winston R Becker, Hua B Bai, Janice S Chen, Jennifer A Doudna, William J Greenleaf

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Off-target detection of CRISPR-Cas9 nucleaseSynthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Controlling DNA-RNA strand displacement kinetics with base distribution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Gene editing of angiotensin for blood pressure management.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Engineered transcription-associated Cas9 targeting in eukaryotic cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Evan A BoyleDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. eboyle@health.ucsd.edu wjg@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4494-9771
Winston R BeckerProgram in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7876-5060
Hua B BaiDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5749-5559
Janice S ChenDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, and the Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4797-3056
Jennifer A DoudnaDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, and the Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9161-999X
William J GreenleafDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. eboyle@health.ucsd.edu wjg@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1409-3095

Funding

VACCINE INDUCED IMMUNITY IN THE YOUNG AND AGEDU19AI057266 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Rafi Ahmed · 2003 to 2026
$81.7M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007365 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHUA, KATRIN F · 1985 to 2021
$33.8M
INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING GRANT IN GENOME SCIENCET32HG000044 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MICHAEL P. SNYDER · 1995 to 2026
$32.2M
Time-resolved small angle X-ray scatteringP01GM066275 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HERSCHLAG, DANIEL · 2003 to 2017
$17.8M
Special EquipmentP50HG007735 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHANG, HOWARD Y · 2014 to 2018
$15.2M
Center for Personal Dynamic RegulomesRM1HG007735 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHANG, HOWARD Y · 2019 to 2023
$13.8M
High-throughput systematic characterization of regulatory element functionUM1HG009436 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BASSIK, MICHAEL C, GREENLEAF, WILLIAM JAMES · 2017 to 2021
$5.4M
Genome wide identification and functional analysis of chromatin regulatory RNAsR01HG009909 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GREENLEAF, WILLIAM JAMES, STRAIGHT, AARON F · 2018 to 2021
$2.5M
High-resolution modeling of protein-RNA interfacesR01GM121487 · NIGMS · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI BRADLEY, PHILIP · 2017 to 2020
$1.7M
Quantitative high-throughput nucleic acid assays on a sequencing chipR01GM111990 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GREENLEAF, WILLIAM JAMES · 2014 to 2018
$1.5M
NHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG007735NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG009909NHGRI NIH HHS RM1 HG007735NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000044NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG009436NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057266NIGMS NIH HHS P01 GM066275NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM111990NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM121487NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007365
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The RNA-guided nuclease Cas9 has unlocked powerful methods for perturbing both the genome through targeted DNA cleavage and the regulome through targeted DNA binding, but limited biochemical data have hampered efforts to quantitatively model sequence perturbation of target binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences. We present scalable, sequencing-based platforms for high-throughput filter binding and cleavage and then perform 62,444 quantitative binding and cleavage assays on 35,047 on- and off-target DNA sequences across 90 Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) loaded with distinct guide RNAs. We observe that binding and cleavage efficacy, as well as specificity, vary substantially across RNPs; canonically studied guides often have atypically high specificity; sequence context surrounding the target modulates Cas9 on-rate; and Cas9 RNPs may sequester targets in nonproductive states that contribute to "proofreading" capability. Lastly, we distill our findings into an interpretable biophysical model that predicts changes in binding and cleavage for diverse target sequence perturbations.

Identifiers

PMID33608277
PMCPMC7895440

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.