Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33608265›Full record

ArticleScience advances2021

Learning hierarchical sequence representations across human cortex and hippocampus.

Simon Henin, Nicholas B Turk-Browne, Daniel Friedman, Anli Liu, Patricia Dugan, Adeen Flinker, Werner Doyle, Orrin Devinsky, Lucia Melloni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Aberrant Neural Entrainment to Word-Level Speech Patterns in Fragile X Syndrome: Evidence for a Statistical Learning Deficit.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Spaces and sequences in the hippocampus: a homological perspective.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  8. Sensory integration, temporal prediction, and rule discovery reflect interdependent inference processes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Hippocampal Ripples during Offline Periods Predict Human Motor Sequence Learning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Decomposing dynamical subprocesses for compositional generalization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Simon HeninNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. simon.henin@nyumc.org lucia.melloni@ae.mpg.de.ORCID 0000-0003-0997-3266
Nicholas B Turk-BrowneDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7519-3001
Daniel FriedmanNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1068-1797
Anli LiuNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Patricia DuganNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6199-1870
Adeen FlinkerNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1247-1283
Werner DoyleNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Orrin DevinskyNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Lucia MelloniNew York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. simon.henin@nyumc.org lucia.melloni@ae.mpg.de.ORCID 0000-0001-8743-5071

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Modeling the Neural Basis of Episodic MemoryR01MH069456 · NIMH · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI KENNETH A NORMAN, Nicholas Benjamin Turk-Browne · 2004 to 2026
$7.2M
Mechanisms of disrupted memory encoding in epilepsy patients - Resubmission - 1K23NS104252 · NINDS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI LIU, ANLI A · 2018 to 2022
$1.0M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069456NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS104252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sensory input arrives in continuous sequences that humans experience as segmented units, e.g., words and events. The brain's ability to discover regularities is called statistical learning. Structure can be represented at multiple levels, including transitional probabilities, ordinal position, and identity of units. To investigate sequence encoding in cortex and hippocampus, we recorded from intracranial electrodes in human subjects as they were exposed to auditory and visual sequences containing temporal regularities. We find neural tracking of regularities within minutes, with characteristic profiles across brain areas. Early processing tracked lower-level features (e.g., syllables) and learned units (e.g., words), while later processing tracked only learned units. Learning rapidly shaped neural representations, with a gradient of complexity from early brain areas encoding transitional probability, to associative regions and hippocampus encoding ordinal position and identity of units. These findings indicate the existence of multiple, parallel computational systems for sequence learning across hierarchically organized cortico-hippocampal circuits.

Indexed as

HippocampusLearningBrainHumans

Identifiers

PMID33608265
PMCPMC7895424

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.