ArticleBMC psychology2021
Associations between conformity to masculine norms and depression: age effects from a population study of Australian men.
Article in BMC psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Suicidal incidence and gender-based discrepancies in prolonged grief disorder: insights from a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Traditional masculinity ideologies are associated with psychiatric diagnoses in men.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The impact of a gender transformative school-based suicide prevention workshop in Australia: adolescent boys' perspectives.Health promotion international · 2025Trial
- Masculine Norm Adherence Among Australian Men: Latent Structure of the CMNI-22 and Its Links With Mental Health Outcomes.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Online Discussions of Men's Mental Health on Reddit and YouTube: Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Infodemiological Study.JMIR infodemiology · 2026Article
- Predicting Problem Gambling in Young Men: The Impact of Sports Gambling Frequency and Internalizing Symptoms.Journal of gambling studies · 2025Article
- Association between adverse childhood experiences and masculinity with well-being: moderating role of behavioural emotional regulation among men of three nations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Shame and depressive symptoms in men: The moderating role of environmental mastery and purpose in life.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- A mixed method study exploring gender differences in dementia caregiving.Dementia (London, England) · 2023Article
- Associations between wives' and husbands' attitudes towards women's economic participation and depressive symptoms, poor subjective health, and unemployment status in married women: A Korean longitudinal study (2014-2020).SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Suicidal Ideation in the Australian Construction Industry: Prevalence and the Associations of Psychosocial Job Adversity and Adherence to Traditional Masculine Norms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Exploring Teacher and Parent Perspectives on School-Based Masculinities in Relation to Mental Health Promotion.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Masculinity and men's health service use across four social generations: Findings from Australia'sSSM - population health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStrict adherence to masculine norms has been associated with deleterious consequences for the physical and mental health of men. However, population-based research is lacking, and it remains unclear whether ageing influences adherence to masculine norms and the extent to which mental health problems like depression are implicated.
methodsThis study reports on data from 14,516 males aged 15-55 years who participated in Wave 1 of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Male Health (Ten to Men). Group differences in self-reported conformity to masculine norms (CMNI-22), current depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and self-reported 12-month depression history were examined for males aged 15-17 years, 18-25 years, 26-35 years, 36-50 years, and 51-55 years. Generalised linear models were used to examine the relationships between these variables across age groups.
resultsConformity to masculine norms decreased significantly with age. However, models predicting depression generally showed that higher conformity to masculine norms was associated with an increased risk of current depressive symptoms, especially in the oldest age group. Conversely, higher conformity was associated with a decreased likelihood of a self-reported 12-month depression history, although nuances were present between age groups, such that this trend was not evident in the oldest age group.
conclusionsFindings provide important insights into the complex relationship between conformity to masculine norms and depressive symptoms across the lifespan and further highlight the importance of mental health campaigns that address the complexities of gendered help-seeking behaviour for men.
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