Observational studyCardiovascular diabetology2021
Prognostic value of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2) for cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
Observational study in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- IL-33/ST2 immunobiology in coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of liraglutide vs. lifestyle changes on soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2) and galectin-3 in obese subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes after comparable weight loss.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Trial
- Emerging Prognostic Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Beyond Traditional Risk Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Association Between Baseline Soluble ST2 Levels and Long-Term Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Residual cardiovascular risk in coronary artery disease: from pathophysiology to established and novel therapies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Silent Myocardial Infarction Revisited: Immuno-metabolic Mechanisms, Multimodal Biomarkers, and Translational Diagnostics.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- sST2 as a Promising Cardiac Biomarker After Ischemic Stroke With Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue with Novel Inflammation and Heart Failure Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Effect of Metabolic Control.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Serum sST2: key biomarkers in COVID-19 patients with implications for coronary artery disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- NSTEMI Risk Prediction with the Combination of the Biomarkers Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Observational
- sST2 levels and 3D speckle tracking as predictors of CAD severity in chronic coronary syndrome.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Article
- An update of new/potential cardiovascular markers: a narrative review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Elevated Soluble Suppressor of Tumorigenicity 2 Predict Hospital Admissions Due to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE).Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Emerging Biomarkers for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prognostic value of soluble ST2, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin, and NT-proBNP in type 2 diabetes: a 15-year retrospective study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- The Prognostic Role of ST2L and sST2 in Patients Who Underwent Carotid Plaque Endarterectomy: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Aptamers Targeting Cardiac Biomarkers as an Analytical Tool for the Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Synergistic Effects of Weighted Genetic Risk Scores and Resistin and sST2 Levels on the Prognostication of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSoluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2) is implicated in myocardial overload and has long been recognized as an inflammatory marker related to heart failure and acute coronary syndrome, but data on the prognostic value of sST2 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remain limited. This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of sST2 in patients with established CAD and its predictive value in CAD patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsA total of 3641 consecutive patients were included in this prospective cohort study. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The secondary end point was all-cause death. The association between sST2 and outcomes was investigated using multivariable Cox regression.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 6.4 years, MACEs occurred in 775 patients, and 275 patients died. Multiple Cox regression models showed that a higher level of sST2 was an independent predictor of MACEs development (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.56, p < 0.001) and all-cause death (HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.56-2.59, p < 0.001). The addition of sST2 to established risk factors significantly improved risk prediction of the composite outcome of MACEs and all-cause death (C-index, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement, all p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis depending on diabetes status, the diabetes group had a significantly higher level of sST2, which remained a significant predictor of MACEs and all-cause death in patients with and without T2DM in multivariable models. The area under the curve (AUC) of CAD patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that of those without T2DM. For MACEs, the AUC was 0.737 (patients with T2DM) vs 0.620 (patients without T2DM). For all-cause death, the AUC was 0.923 (patients with T2DM) vs 0.789 (patients without T2DM).
conclusionsA higher level of sST2 is significantly associated with long-term MACEs and all-cause death in CAD patients with and without T2DM. sST2 has strong predictive value for cardiovascular adverse events in CAD patients with T2DM, and these results provide new evidence for the role of sST2.
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